Jae Kamel's Dictionary, Glossary, Encyclopedia 2015

                                         Jae Kamel’s Dictionary

                                  Glossary, and Encyclopedia.

                                                               2011-2015.

A.

Abhidharma - 1. Adhidharma is pure prajna with its followings. Prajna which will be defined below, is the discernement of the dharmas. Pure prajna is undefiled prajna. The "following" of prajna is its escort, namely the five pure skandhas which coexist with prajna. It is also prajna, and the Treatise which brings about the obtaining of pure prajna. Such is the absolute meaning of Adhidharma. 2. In common usage, the word Adhidharma also designates all prajna which brings about the obtaining of Abhidharma in the absolute sense of the word; defiled prajna whether it is innate or natural, or whether the result of an effort, the result of hearing, reflection, or absorption, receives, along with its  following, by convention, the name of Adhidharma. 3. One also gives the name of Abhidharma to the Treatise (the Abhidharmakosa or “sheath of the Abidharma”), for the Treatise also brings about the obtaining of pure prajna; it is thus a factor in Abhidharma in the absolute sense of the word. 4. Dharma is that which bears (dharana) self- (or unique) characteristics. The Abhidharma is called abhi-dharma because it envisions (abhimukha) the dharma which is the object of supreme knowledge, or the supreme dharma, Nirvana; or rather, it is so-called because it envisions the characterisitics of the dharmas, both their self-characteristics and their common (or general) characteristics. 5. Apart from the discernment of the dharmas, there is no means to extinguish the defilements, and it is by reason of the defilements that the world wanders in the ocean of existence. So it is with a view to this discernment that the Abhidharma has been, they say, spoken (i.e., by The Buddha).  <Abhidharmakosabhasyam by Louis de la Valee Poussin, English translation by Leo M. Pruden.

abrustdonis – take the necessary measures to insure the formation on the Earth of what is called the sacred 'askokin,' so that this sacred cosmic substance, indispensable for the maintenance of the Moon and Anulios, might issue continuously from your planet. "His Conformity also explained that this cosmic substance, the sacred 'askokin,' exists throughout the Universe, generally blended with the sacred substances 'abrustdonis' and 'helkdonis,' and therefore, in order to have the degree of vivifyingness required for such maintenance, the sacred substance 'askokin' must first be freed from the other two substances. "To tell the truth, my boy, I did not understand at once all that he told me, it all became clear to me only later when, during my studies of the fundamental cosmic laws, I learned that these sacred substances 'abrustdonis' and 'helkdonis' are precisely those substances which enter into the formation and perfecting of the higher being-bodies of the three-brained beings—that is, the 'kesdjan body' and the 'body of the soul'—and that the separation of the sacred 'askokin' from the two other substances proceeds when beings, on whatever planet they may be, transmute these sacred substances in themselves for the forming and perfecting of their higher bodies, by means of conscious labor and intentional suffering.” ‘"And so, my dear Hassein, when it became clear that there had entirely disappeared from the psyche of your favorites the instinctive need for conscious labor and intentional suffering in order to take in and transmute in themselves the sacred substances abrustdonis and helkdonis—thus releasing the sacred askokin for the maintenance of the Moon and Anulios - Great Nature was constrained to adapt herself and to extract this sacred substance by other means, one of them being precisely that periodic terrifying process of reciprocal destruction. “

Access Point - A device that allows wireless-equipped computers and other devices to communicate with a wired network. Also used to expand the range of a wireless network.

Adam’s off ox - The expression of course means not to know someone at all -- or to able to distinguish that person from any other person. The name "Adam" is from the Hebrew word "adam" meaning "man" (not man as opposed to woman but "man" as in "mankind" -- "I don't know him from any other person").  The best I can find on the origin of this use of Adam is this:  The form commonly used is 'not to know one from Adam's off ox,' meaning to have not the slightest information about the person indicated. t’s one of a whole set of expressions of which the basic and oldest form is not to know somebody from Adam, meaning that the person is entirely unknown to the speaker. That form is recorded from Britain in a report of a court case at the London Sessions as far back in 1784: “Some man stopped me, I do not know him from Adam”. It’s almost certainly older in the spoken language. This expression has so long been a familiar idiom that people have felt the need to make it more emphatic. Speakers in various parts of the US have at times commented they don’t know somebody from Adam’s housecat, Adam’s brother, Adam’s foot, and Adam’s pet monkey. Adam’s off ox is easily the most puzzling of these variations to us today, because the days of ox teams are now long past. The off ox was the one on the off-side of the vehicle. If you stood behind the team looking forwards it was the one on the right-hand side. The driver walked on the left-hand side of the team, with the near-side ox at his right shoulder. He would get to know the personality and idiosyncrasies of this ox very well. However, the off ox was hidden behind the near-side one, and was yoked to it so that it could do nothing but follow it. So the off ox was — figuratively at least — less well known. The term is found in print from 1894 onwards, but must surely be older. One of its appearances was in Flying U Ranch by B M Bower, of about 1914: “Andy shook hands all round, swore amiably at Weary, and advanced finally upon Miguel. ‘You don’t know me from Adam’s off ox,’ he began genially, “but I know you, all right, all right.”

adaptation - An attribute of an organism that appears to be of value for something, generally its survival or reproduction. The purposive, or seemingly purposive, nature of adaptations can be thought of in terms of teleology or teleonomy.

ADC - Analog to digital converter. The part of a sound card which records an analog, real world sound like a voice or guitar and converts it to a numerical representation of the audio that a computer can manipulate.

Adits - Metaphorical locations in man’s nervous system; three in particular wherein AMv12 is depleted: at the first point it is used in maintaining the physical health of the body, at the second it is used to fuel ordinary emotions (guilt, anger, self-pity, and the rest of the list), and at the third spot it is extracted by the excitement of ordinary knowledge, and it is here in the mind, where standard men do not recognize the unity of all apparently antipodal

ideas - - - -- where is lost the last drop of this substance, needed to awaken: AMv12.

aethling – noun, Early English History 1. a man of royal blood; a prince. 2. Ætheling (also spelt Aetheling, Atheling or Etheling) was an Old English term (æþeling) used in Anglo-Saxon England to designate princes of the royal dynasty  who were eligible for the kingship. The term is an Old English and Old Saxon compound of aethele, æþele or (a)ethel,  meaning "noble family", and -ing, which means "belonging to",[1] It derives from the Germanic word Edeling or Edling and is etymologically related to the modern German words Adel, "nobility", and adelig or adlig, "noble".[2] It was usually rendered in Latin as clito. <before 1000; Middle English; Old English ætheling (cognate with Old High German ediling, adalung, Old Saxon ethiling), equivalent to æthel (u) noble family (cognate with Old High German adoul, German Adel, Old Saxon athal (i), Old Norse athal nature; akin to Tocharian atäl man) + -ing -ing3

afflatus – n. Divine breath; inspiration.

afflation – n. act of breathing upon; inspiration

Alexandropol - the second largest city in Armenia and the capital of the Shirak Province in the northwestern part of the country. It is around 78 miles north of the capital Yerevan. As of the 2011 official estimate, the city had a population of 146,100, down from 150,917 reported at the 2001 official census. Its name has been changed several times. It was first originally as Kumayri, then Alexandropol (Russian: Александрополь; Armenian: Ալեքսանդրապոլ) between 1837 and 1924, then Leninakan (Armenian: Լենինական; Russian: Ленинакан) between 1924 and 1990, then as Gyumri.

allele - Each gene occupies a particular region of a chromosome, its locus. At any given locus, there may exist alternative forms of the gene. These are called alleles of each other.

algorithm - A set of steps or a procedure that will produce a desired result.

Alice - Parallel graph rewriting machine developed by Imperial College, Edinburgh University and ICL.

Alternating Current (AC) - The type of electrical power supplied by utilities or made when a generator is run. The unique characteristic of this form of electricity is that it reverses direction at regular intervals. For example, 120 Vac 60 Hz power reverses flow 60 times a second, hence the rating 60 Hz. (cycles).

amiodarone – A medication used for the treatment of heart rhythm disturbances originating both in the upper chambers of the heart (the atria), and the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles). Amiodarone works by prolonging the electrical conduction time of various tissues within the heart; it increases the amount of time between cycles of electrical excitation of these tissues, with a net damping down of electrical activity. Contains a large amount of iodine; Amiodarone can cause abnormal thyroid function.

amplitude - The level or magnitude of a signal. Audio signals with a higher amplitude will sound louder.

AMv12 -  An allegorical substance in the blood representing a variety of activities of which men normally take no account; it also symbolizes the enriched fuel needed for a person to ever push their consciousness above its normal level and achieve The Aim. Awake; Enlightened; Liberated: Consciousness in a state temperamentally unnatural for you.

Anagarika -   Lit: homeless one. Someone who has adopted a homeless life without formally ordaining as a monk.

Anapana Sati -  (Pali) Meditation on mindful breathing.

anomic - breakdown or loss of moral values in society.

ansanbaluiazar - this term is more complex than iraniranumange. Lacking a simple definition, these quotations: “And all the results issuing from all the cosmic sources, great and small, taken together, were also then named by them the ‘common-cosmic Ansanbaluiazar.’”, and  “It is interesting to remark that concerning this ‘common-cosmic Ansanbaluiazar,’ present-day objective science has also the formula: ‘Everything issuing from everything and again entering into everything.’”. It is informative that the phrase ‘common-cosmic’ almost always appears with the term ansanbaluiazar; perhaps books and websites should list the term that way. However, that is not the only usage of it; for example, the term is used with ‘being-‘, hence ‘being-ansanbaluiazar’ has a different meaning from the first one.  Therefore, in conclusion, the most information about the differences between the meaning(s) of the two terms, can be taken from this passage: “The three-brained beings arising and existing on the planet Mars as well as the three-centered beings of all those planets of our Megalocosmos on which an existence normal for three-centered beings proceeds, also have full possibility of reaching the state of the sacred Ischmetch, namely, that being-state when the existence of a being already becomes dependent, as regards the Most Great cosmic Iraniranumange, only on those substances which arise directly from the manifestations of the Most Most Holy Prime Source Itself, and not as it proceeds in the other beings whose existence depends on cosmic substances arising through the results of all corresponding gravity-center concentrations of the common-cosmic fundamental Ansanbaluiazar.”

apneic -  Related to or suffering from apnea: apnea, apnoea (s): noun; apneas, apnoeas (pl)  1. The temporary stopping of breathing that takes place in some newborns and in some adults while they are sleeping: Apnea disrupts Harriet's sleep or, sometimes, she wakes up completely or goes into a shallow level of sleep.  Apnea involves the cessation of breathing either temporarily for a few seconds to a minute or two or for a longer period, which can possibly cause someone to die. Since breathing is an automatic process controlled by nerve impulses in the center of a brain stem to the muscles in the chest that regulate lung expansions and contractions, prolonged apneas can occur if the brain stem is damaged by a stroke, by a transient ischemic attack (symptoms of stroke lasting less than 24 hours), or by a head injury. Prolonged apnea can also occur because of certain drugs or as the result of airway obstructions, usually by food, drink, vomit, or a small inhaled object. 2. In zoology, a decrease or a minimal breathing in hibernating animals: Natural apneas take place when animals have periods of dormant (sleep) inactivities which usually occurs in winter with certain rodents, bats, and some large carnivores; such as bears.

apodeictic – Self-evident; intuitively true; evident beyond contradiction; of a proposition; necessarily true or logically certain. An apodeictic proposition in Aristotlean logic asserts things which are necessarily or self-evidently the case or impossible, in contrast to assertoric propositions which merely assert that something is or (is not) the case, or problematic propositions which assert only the possibility of something being true. For instance, "Two plus two equals four" is apodeictic. "Chicago is larger than Omaha" is assertoric.

apotropaic - designed to turn away evil; this is usually defined as ``warding off evil,'' or ``having the power to protect from bad luck'' or something similar.  Apotropaism is the use of magic or ritual to ward off evil or bad luck. Apotropaic devices include amulets and talismans and potent symbols. The root is of Greek origin (αποτρέπω), meaning "turning away". The apotropaic eye was an exaggerated eye painted on drinking vessels in the 6th century BC to ward away spirits or the evil eye while drinking. 1883, with -ic, from Gk. apotropaios "averting evil," from apotrepein "to turn away, avert," from apo- "off, away" (see apo-) + trepein "to turn" (see trope).

appellative - –1. adjective: Of or relating to the assignment of names. 2. Grammar: Of or relating to a common noun. 3. noun: A name or descriptive epithet.

approbation – n. 1. approval, sanction, assent, consent, praise; official recognition or approval. 2. in Catholic canon law, an act by which a bishop or other legitimate superior grants to an ecclesiastic the actual exercise of his ministry.

appropered – appropriated. This is an old word, extant as far back as Middle English. It seems to be used as a verb and an adjective. From the writings of Thomas More: “approper some special privilege of keeping still faith, hope, and  2. “fault is that the thing which he seemeth here to approper unto the” . <ME apprōpren (v.) Also appropri. 1. (a) To acquire possession of, or control over (sth.); -- with to phrase; “ben appropred to”, be the property of; (b) to acquire the right to the endowment and income of (a parish church); “chirch appropred”, a church so annexed by a religious house or lord; (c) to arrogate (a right or privilege to oneself). 2. (a) To set aside or reserve (sth. for sb., for a purpose); dedicate or devote (to a purpose); -- with to, unto phrase; (b) to assign (sth.) as a possession or duty; (c) to apply (a word). 3. Be a characteristic symptom of (sth.); “ben appropred to”: (a) be an attribute or characteristic of (sth.); (b) be attributed or assigned to (sb.); be proper to (sth.). 4. (a) To regard (sth.) as appropriate, approve of; prescribe (a remedy) as suitable, recommend; (b) appropred, appropriate (words). (http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?type=byte&byte=5970996&egdisplay=open&egs=5986304 )

appurtenance – n. 1. something subordinate to another, more important thing; adjunct; accessory.  2. Law. a right, privilege, or improvement belonging to and passing with a principal property.  3.  appurtenances, apparatus; instruments.  <1350-1400; Middle English < Anglo-French, equivalent to ap- ap-¹+ -purtenance a belonging; see purtenance from Anglo-French apurtenance, from Old French apartenance, from apartenir to appertain.  

aquiline – 1. adj. resembling an eagle; curved like the beak of an eagle. 2. An aquiline nose (also called a Roman nose or hook nose) is a human nose with a prominent bridge, giving it the appearance of being curved or slightly bent. The word aquiline comes from the Latin word aquilinus ("eagle-like"), an allusion to the curved beak of an eagle. While some have ascribed the aquiline nose to specific ethnic, racial, or geographic groups, and in some cases associated it with other supposed non-physical characteristics (i.e. intelligence, status, personality, etc., see below), no scientific studies or evidence support any such linkage. As with many phenotypical expressions (i.e. 'widow's peak', eye color,  earwax type) it is found in many geographically diverse populations.

Aral Sea – Uzbek Orol,  a once-large saltwater lake straddling the boundary between Kazakhstan to the north and Uzbekistan to the south. The shallow Aral Sea was formerly the world’s fourth largest body of inland water. It nestles in the climatically inhospitable heart of Central Asia, to the east of the Caspian Sea. The Aral Sea is of great interest and increasing concern to scientists because of the remarkable shrinkage of its area and volume that began in the second half of the 20th century. This change is primarily due to the diversion (for purposes of irrigation) of the riverine waters of the Syr Darya and Amu Darya, which discharge into the Aral Sea and are its main sources of inflowing water.

archimandrite - n. (Christianity / Eastern Church (Greek & Russian Orthodox)) Greek Orthodox Church.  1. A cleric ranking below a bishop. 2. The head of a monastery or a group of monasteries. 3. Used as an honorific title for an unmarried priest. <[Late Latin archimandrta, from Late Greek arkhimandrites : Greek arkhi-, archi- + Late Greek mandra, monastery (from Greek, cattle pen).]

Arhat -  Sanskrit; literally, “worthy one”; one who has attained the highest level in the Theravada school; the fruition of arhatship is nirvana.

aristo – a learned borrowing from Greek meaning “best,” occurring either in direct loans (aristocratic), or in the formation of compound words:

‘aristotype’. < Greek, combining form of áristos best, superlative of ari- probably a term specifying at first the upper class of society, the warrior caste; cf. Ares, perhaps Aryan.

askokin – quote from BTTG:  “And they resolved that the best measure in the given case would be that the fundamental piece, namely, the planet Earth, should constantly send to its detached fragments, for their maintenance, the sacred vibrations ‘askokin.’ “This sacred substance can be formed on planets only when both fundamental cosmic laws operating in them, the sacred ‘Heptaparaparshinokh’ and the sacred ‘Triamazikamno,’ function, as is called, ‘Ilnosoparno,’ that is to say, when the said sacred cosmic laws in the given cosmic concentration are deflected in-dependently and also manifest on its surface independently—of course independently only within certain limits.“ ‘“This custom is at present so widespread there, and the destruction of the existence of beings of various forms for this maleficent purpose has reached such dimensions, that there is already a surplus of the “Sacred Askokin” required from the planet Earth for its former parts, that is to say, a surplus of those vibrations which arise during the sacred process of “Rascooarno” of beings of every  “‘For the normal formation of the atmosphere of the newly arisen planet Moon, the said surplus of the Sacred Askokin has already begun seriously to hinder the correct exchange of matters between the planet Moon itself and its atmosphere, and the apprehension has already arisen that its atmosphere may in consequence be formed incorrectly and later become an obstacle to the harmonious movement of the whole system Ors, and perhaps again give rise to factors menacing a catastrophe on a greater common-cosmic scale.’”  This tells us what it is used for. Today science has confirmed that, energies that they can measure and understand, are given off each human while she or he lives, and that there is a surge of electrical activity in the brain when a human dies; that the final breath has seemed to carry with it the life-force or life-spirit of the person, out of the body; and that human bodies weigh less just after death than they did before it. The other kinds of energies and transformations that cause the askokin or which the askokin might cause, are net yet known to modern (2013) science. From JKU One: “askokin is generally thought to be released at death; Bennett and others have interpreted that to mean, only released at death; but this is not necessarily the case. In other words, nature or life does indeed feed on us, and we are its flocks; but its food is not only askokin, there are other energies and activities that nature or life arranges that we yield up to it.”

Assembler -  A general-purpose device for molecular manufacturing capable of guiding chemical reactions by positioning molecules. A molecular machine that can be programmed to build virtually any molecular structure or device from simpler chemical building blocks. Analogous to a computer-driven machine shop.

astasahasrika prajnaparamita - The main creative period of Prajnaparamita thought extended from perhaps 100 bce to 150 ce. The best-known work from this period is the Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita (Eight Thousand-Verse Prajnaparamita). The first Chinese translation appeared in 179 ce. Prajnaparamita, ( Sanskrit: “Perfection of Wisdom”) body of sutras and their commentaries that represents the oldest of the major forms of Mahayana Buddhism, one that radically extended the basic concept of ontological voidness (shunyata). The name denotes the female personification of the literature or of wisdom, sometimes called the Mother of All Buddhas. In the Prajnaparamita texts, prajna (wisdom), an aspect of the original Eightfold Path, has become the supreme paramita (perfection) and the primary avenue to nirvana. The content of this wisdom is the realization of the illusory nature of all phenomena—not only of this world, as in earlier Buddhism, but of transcendental realms as well.

atmospherics – 1. Here the atmosphere is pictured as a heavy-working transmitter and transformer of the holosphere. Once it was part of a vastly larger  gaseous  plenum  of  the  solar  system.  In quantavolutionary episodes, it was repeatedly destabilized and altered. Much of the crust and its deformations are exoterrestrial effects, which passed through the atmosphere, and electricity is prominent there. Gases, electricity, and fire have combined with winds - all on a quantavolutionary scale - to help mold earth and life forms.  2. Also known as ”sferics,” transient radio waves produced by naturally occurring electric discharges (e.g., lightning) in the Earth’s atmosphere.

astrologue – (French) nm. astrologer.

atavism - The reappearance of characteristics of more or less remote ancestors. Also called reversion or throwing back.

atavistic – adj. returning to something ancient or inherited from a remote ancestor. <Latin atavus ‘forefather’.

atom - In the philosophy of atomism (q.v.), the eternal, invariant, impenetrably hard, homogeneous, ultimate unit of matter. In chemistry, the smallest unit or part of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction. In modern physics, a complex structure of activity, with a central nucleus orbited by electrons. Nuclei and their constituent particles are in turn complex structures of activity.

atomism - The doctrine that all things are composed of ultimate, indivisible atoms of matter endowed with motion. These ultimate particles are the enduring basis of all reality. In the modem form of this philosophy, atoms have been superceded by fundamental subatomic particles.

atropine – 1. A poisonous, white, crystallizable alkaloid, extracted from the Atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade, and the Datura Stramonium, or thorn apple. It is remarkable for its power in dilating the pupil of the eye. Called also daturine. An alkaloid drug that relaxes smooth muscle, increases the heart rate, and in the eye causes dilation of the pupil. 2. Antidote for biological warfare nerve agents such as Sarin or Tabun. 3. A tall, evergreen coniferous tree, found growing exclusively on the densely-wooded slopes of rural Atro, near Bulgaria. 4. atropine is a screen-scraping library built on top of BeautifulSoup. It helps programmers make assertions about document structure while getting at the data they are interested in.

attractor - A term used in modem dynamics to denote a limit towards which trajectories of change within a dynamical system move. Attractors generally lie within basins of attraction. Attractors and basins of attraction are essential features of the mathematical models of morphogenetic fields due to René Thom.

aurignacian – (auriga – n. charioteer. Auriga, constellation in northern hemisphere.  aurigation – n. art of driving a chariot. )1. adj. of or pertaining to the Upper Paleolithic cultures characterized by the use of rough stone or bone tools and the creation of simple cave drawings. 2. The Aurignacian culture ( or ) is an archaeological culture of the Upper Palaeolithic, located in Europe and southwest Asia. It lasted broadly within the period from ca. 45,000 to 35,000 year ago (about 37,000 to 27,000 years ago on the uncalibrated radiocarbon timescale; between ca. 47,000 and 41,000 years ago using the most recent calibration of the radiocarbon timescale). The name originates from Aurignac in the Haute-Garonne area of France.

Autonomous System – (communications) 1. a group of IP networks operated by one or more network operator/s which has a single and clearly defined external routing policy. Exterior routing protocols are used to exchange routing information between Autonomous Systems.  2. (cognitive science) An autonomous system is a system composed of processes that generate and sustain that system as a unity and thereby also define an environment for the system. Autonomy can be characterized abstractly in formal terms or concretely in terms of its energetic and thermodynamic requirements;  its constituent

processes must meet the following conditions: (1) recursively depend on each other for their generation and their realization as a network; (2) constitute the system as a unity in whatever domain they exist; and (3) determine a domain of possible interactions with the world. This definition captures what Varela (1979, 1997) meant when he proposed that the crucial property of an autonomous system is its operational closure.

Autonomous System Number - A public AS has a globally unique number, an Autonomous System number (ASN), associated with it; this number is used in both the exchange of exterior routing information (between neighboring Autonomous Systems), and as an identifier of the AS itself.

autopoiesis – 1.   a unity by a network of productions of components which (i) participate recursively in the same network of productions of components which produced these components, and (ii) realize the network of productions as a unity in the space in which the components exist.  2. verifying (1) whether the system has a semi-permeable boundary that (2) is produced from within the system and (3) that encompasses reactions that regenerate the components of the system. It becomes clear that any autopoietic system, in order to maintain its autopoiesis (organization), needs some form of closure (distinction) from its environment, thus stating its autonomy from this environment. Closure, autonomy and, in fact, autopoiesis require a production of a boundary through the boundary, that is, presently drawing a distinction with the help of past drawings of a distinction. Only then the system can interact with its environment without loss of identity.  <Francisco Varela.

autonomy - that is, the assertion of the system’s identity through its internal functioning and self-regulation. 2.  the distinctive phenomenology resulting

from an autopoietic organization: the realization of the autopoietic organization is the product of its operation. In other words, autonomous, self-producing systems construct their environment (draw a distinction) in order to be and stay themselves. Autonomy as self-rule through closure and self-production (autopoiesis) leads to the insight that ‘the rules of operation are all self-contained, there is no possibility of referring to the outside from inside the system.

<Francisco Varela.

avuncular – adj. like an uncle in being friendly towards a younger person. <Latin avunculus ‘maternal uncle’.

Azizan Ali (12^th c.) – Hadhrat Khwāja Azīzān Alī Rāmītanī quddisa sirruhu (1190-1315) was born in Ramitan, a town located near four miles from Bukhara (now Uzbekistan), circa 585 AH. He was also called Nassāj, meaning weaver, as initially he used to weave clothes. By the orders of Khwāja Khidr, he became a disciple of Khwāja Mahmood Anjīr-Faghnawi and received spiritual mentorship. He was the chief deputy and was appointed as the main successor by the shaykh. According to some reports, he also benefited from Mawlānā Jalāl ad-Dīn Rūmī.

B.

Bad News Syndrome - The impression natural to automatic-consciousness that: “Things are going to hell!” An indirect manifestation of Life’s own sensation that neither it nor man are ever accomplishing enough. (You sometimes feel that you’re pretty much alone and have it tough, but picture Life looking around the vastness of this Universe and being faced with the fact: “I’ve got no one but me.” Ultimately however, for the certain few struggling for The Aim: this very same attitude proves a real boon.)

Bagratid Kings of Armenia - The medieval Kingdom of Armenia, also known as Bagratid Armenia , was an independent state established by Ashot I Bagratuni in 885 following nearly two centuries of foreign domination

of Greater Armenia under Arab Umayyad and Abbasid rule. Founded in Armenia and Georgia during the 9th century by the Bagratuni family, The Bagratid kings kept Armenia independent of both the Byzantine Empire and the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate.

Bandwidth - The transmission capacity of a given device or network.

Bardo - (Tibetan) The state between two other states of being, especially the intermediate state between one life and the next.

batch processing - Automation of a series of repetitive tasks on a computer so that the tasks run without manual intervention. In the early days of computers this was done by processing stacks of punch cards.

Beacon Interval - Data transmitted on your wireless network that keeps the network synchronized.

beadle – Brit. 1. a ceremonial officer of a church, college, etc. 2. Hist. a parish officer dealing with petty offenders. <Old English ‘a person who makes a proclamation’.

belief - Reliance on something for which you have no proof; if you believe, you also – not-believe, and that does not equal real intelligence, or thought. Whatever you believe that you’re thinking about some matter – you’re not.

bessarabia – (Bessarabiya) is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west. Nowadays the bulk of Bessarabia is part of Moldova, whereas the northernmost regions, as well as the southern regions bordering the Black Sea (Budjak), are part of Ukraine.

Bezier Spline - A spline is a curve which is defined mathematically and has a set of control points. A Bézier spline is a cubic spline which has four control points, where the first and last control points (knots or anchors) are the endpoints of the curve and the inner two control points (handles) determine the direction of the curve at the endpoints. In the non-mathematical sense, a spline is a flexible strip of wood or metal used for drawing curves. Using this type of spline for drawing curves dates back to shipbuilding, where weights were hung on splines to bend them. The outer control points of a Bézier spline are similar to the places where the splines are fastened down and the inner control points are where weights are attached to modify the curve. Bézier splines are only one way of mathematically representing curves. They were developed in the 1960s by Pierre Bézier, who worked for Renault.

Bhavana - (Sanskrit, Pali) Self-development by any means, especially meditation, mind development, and concentration; meditative practices.

Bhikshu - (Sanskrit, Bhikkhu, Pali) A monk who lives from alms or offerings given by laypersons.

big-endian - [From Swift's "Gulliver's Travels" via the famous paper "On Holy Wars and a Plea for Peace" by Danny Cohen, USC/ISI IEN 137, dated April 1, 1980]  adj. 1. Describes a computer architecture in which, within a given multi-byte numeric representation, the most significant byte has the lowest address (the word is stored `big-end-first').  Most processors, including the IBM 370 family, the PDP-10, the Motorola microprocessor families, and most of the various RISC designs current in mid-1993, are big-endian.  See “little-endian”, “middle-endian”, “NUXI problem”, “swab”.  2. An “{Internet address}” the wrong way round.  Most of the world  follows the Internet standard and writes email addresses starting with the name of the computer and ending up with the name of the country.  In the U.K.  the Joint Networking Team had decided to do it the other way round before the Internet domain standard was established; e.g., me@uk.ac.wigan.cs.  Most gateway sites have “ad-hockery” in their mailers to handle this, but can still be confused.  In particular, the address above could be in the U.K. (domain uk) or Czechoslovakia (domain cs).

bight – n. 1. A corner, bend, or angle; a hollow; as, the bight of a horse's knee; the bight of an elbow. 2. A bend in a coast forming an open bay; as, the Bight of Benin.  3. The double part of a rope when folded, in distinction from the ends; that is, a round, bend, or coil not including the ends; a loop. 4. A doubled back (to the ship once around the bollard) mooring line. 5. A concavity in the outer margin of the jaw, open to the posterior. 6. a place like a corner, closely bounded by two sides. v. fasten with a bight.

billet  –  [rhymes with fillet] 1. n. a civilian house where soldiers are lodged temporarily. 2. v. (billets, billeting, billeted) lodge in a billet. <Old French billette ‘small document’.

binnacles – binnacle, noun:  a nonmagnetic housing for a ship's compass (usually in front of the helm).  <1615-25; bin + ( bitt) acle (late Middle English bitakille) < Portuguese bitacola < Latin habitāculum lodge, equivalent to habitā- (see inhabit ) + -culum -cule2   <bitakle, from Portuguese bitácula, from Late Latin habitāculum dwelling-place, from Latin habitāre to inhabit; spelling influenced by bin.

Biomimetic Chemistry - Knowledge of biochemistry, analytical chemistry, polymer science, and biomimetic chemistry is linked and applied to research in designing new molecules, molecular assemblies, and macromolecules having biomimetic functions. These new bio-related materials of high performance, including, for example, enzyme models, synthetic cell membranes, and biodegradable polymers, are prepared, tested, and constantly improved in this division for industrial scale production.

Bitmap  -  A data file or structure which corresponds bit for bit with an image displayed on a screen, probably in the same format as it would be stored in the display's video memory or maybe as a device independent bitmap. A bitmap is characterised by the width and height of the image in pixels and the number of bits per pixel which determines the number of shades of grey or colors it can represent. A bitmap representing a colored image (a “pixmap”) will usually have pixels with between one and eight bits for each of the red, green, and blue components, though other color encodings are also used. The green component sometimes has more bits than the other two to cater for the human eye's greater discrimination in this component.

bmp - is an uncompressed image file format designed by Microsoft and mainly used in Windows. Colors are typically represented in 1, 4 or 8 bits, although the format also supports more. Because it is not compressed and the files are large, it is not very well suited for use in the internet.

Bodhichitta -  (Sanskrit; Boddhicitta, Pali) Compassionate wish to gain Enlightenment for the benefit of all sentient beings.

Bodhidharma - (ca. 470-543) Considered the first patriarch of Zen Buddhism; according to legend, he was the “Barbarian from the West” who brought Zen from India to China.

Bodhisattva -  Sanskrit; Bosatsu (Japanese), Bosal (Korean); one who postpones his/her own enlightenment in order to help liberate other sentient beings from cyclic existence; compassion, or karuna, is the central characteristic of the bodhisattva.

boffin – 1. Brit. Informal a scientist. Origin unknown.  2. a term used during the Second World War to describe people like hackers who sought to understand how this world works, and use their knowledge for the benefit of the world.

bogon -  /boh'gon/ [by analogy with proton/electron/neutron, but doubtless reinforced after 1980 by the similarity to Douglas Adams's `Vogons'; see the Bibliography in {Appendix C}] n. 1. The elementary particle of bogosity (see {quantum bogodynamics}).  For instance, "the Ethernet is emitting bogons again" means that it is broken or acting in an erratic or bogus fashion.  2. A query packet sent from a TCP/IP domain resolver to a root server, having the reply bit set instead of the query bit. 3. Any bogus or incorrectly formed packet sent on a network.  4. By synecdoche, used to refer to any bogus thing, as in "I'd like to go to lunch with you but I've got to go to the weekly staff bogon".  5. A person who is bogus or who says bogus things.  This was historically the original usage, but has been overtaken by its derivative senses 1--4.  See also “bogosity”, “bogus”; compare “psyton”, “fat electrons”, “magic smoke”. The bogon has become the type case for a whole bestiary of nonce particle names, including the `clutron' or `cluon' (indivisible particle of cluefulness, obviously the antiparticle of the bogon) and the futon (elementary particle of “randomness”, or sometimes of lameness).  These are not so much live usages in themselves as examples of a live meta-usage: that is, it has become a standard  joke or linguistic maneuver to "explain" otherwise mysterious circumstances by inventing nonce particle names.  And these imply  nonce particle theories, with all their dignity or lack thereof (we might note parenthetically that this is a generalization from "(bogus particle) theories" to "bogus (particle theories)"!). Perhaps such particles are the modern-day equivalents of trolls and wood-nymphs as standard starting-points around which to construct explanatory myths.  Of course, playing on an existing word (as in the `futon') yields additional flavor.  Compare “magic smoke”.

bogus -  adj. 1. Non-functional.  "Your patches are bogus."  2. Useless. "OPCON is a bogus program."  3. False.  "Your arguments are bogus."  4. Incorrect.  "That algorithm is bogus." 

5. Unbelievable.  "You claim to have solved the halting problem for Turing Machines?  That's totally bogus."   6. Silly.  "Stop writing those bogus sagas." Astrology is bogus.  So is a bolt that is obviously about to break. So is someone who makes blatantly false claims to have solved a scientific problem.  (This word seems to have some, but not all, of the connotations of “random” --- mostly the negative ones.) It is claimed that `bogus' was originally used in the hackish sense at Princeton in the late 1960s.  It was spread to CMU and Yale by Michael Shamos, a migratory Princeton alumnus.  A glossary of bogus words was compiled at Yale when the word was first popularized (see “autobogotiphobia” under “bogotify”). The word spread into hackerdom from CMU and MIT.  By the early 1980s it was also current in something like the hackish sense in West Coast teen slang, and it had gone mainstream by 1985.  A correspondent from Cambridge reports, by contrast, that these uses of `bogus' grate on British nerves; in Britain the word means, rather specifically, `counterfeit', as in "a bogus 10-pound note".

bolero – Noun. 1. music written in the rhythm of the bolero dance. 2. (hypernym) dance music, danceroom music, ballroom music.
3. a short jacket; worn mostly by women; (hypernym) jacket. 4. a Spanish dance in triple time accompanied by guitar and castanets;
(hypernym) stage dancing, choreography. 5. bow (of a ship) -The forward part of the vessel. 6. a genre of slow-tempo Latin music and its associated dance. There are Spanish and Cuban forms which are both significant and which have separate origins. 7. a one-movement orchestral piece by Maurice Ravel (1875–1937). Originally composed as a ballet commissioned by Russian actress and dancer Ida Rubinstein, the piece, which premiered in 1928, is Ravel's most famous musical composition. Before Boléro, Ravel had composed large scale ballets (such as Daphnis et Chloé, composed for the Ballets Russes 1909–1912), suites for the ballet (such as the second orchestral version of Ma mère l'oye, 1912), and one-movement dance pieces (such as La valse, 1906–1920). Apart from such compositions intended for a staged dance performance, Ravel had demonstrated an interest in composing re-styled dances, from his earliest successes (the 1895 Menuet and the 1899 Pavane) to his more mature works like Le tombeau de Couperin (which takes the format of a dance suite).

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) - the protocol used to determine how to route data from one point on a network to another. At it's simplest, BGP says that a certain IP is controlled by a certain AS, then the router looks to see the closest AS in it's table to get to the end point, the data is handed to that network, and the cycle continues until the end point is reached.

bouffant – (IPA pronunciation: [bu:fa:nt])1. being puffed out; -- used mostly of hair style, and sometimes clothing; as, a bouffant hairdo; a bouffant skirt. 2. A bouffant  is a type of hairstyle characterized by hair piled high on the head and hanging down on the sides. It was a mainstream hairstyle in the mid-to-late 17th century in western Europe. In modern times, the bouffant was popular in Western culture in the 1960s, when it was created with the help of large amounts of hairspray. 3. A style which gives a puffy, airy appearance. 4. The fullest skirt available. It makes your waist look very small. The bouffant is especially effective in Tulle or Duchesse; a very, very full skirt, most often accompanied by a hoop slip.

bowdlerize – n. remove indecent or offensive material from (a text). <Dr. Thomas Bowdler who published a censored edition of Shakespeare.

bowsprit- n. 1.a. A Spar running Forward from the Bow of a vessel. It functions as a horizontal Mast for the spritsail, fore-topmast staysail and, in conjunction with the Jibboom, the Jib. 1.b. A sturdy spar projecting forward over the bow to which the forestay is fastened providing a wide bearing angle for support of the mast, and offering additional space on which sails can be rigged.

Broussa - (anc. Prusa), the capital of the Brusa (Khudavendikiar) vilayet of Asia Minor, which includes parts of ancient Mysia, Bithynia, and Phrygia, and extends in a southeasterly direction from Mudania, on the Sea of Marmora, to Afium-Kara-Hissar on the Smyrna-Konia railway. The vilayet is one of the most important in Asiatic Turkey, has great mineral and agricultural wealth, many mineral springs, large forests, and valuable industries. It exports cereals, silk, cotton, opium,. tobacco, olive-oil, meerschaum, boracite, &c. The Ismid-Angora. and Eskishehr-Konia railways pass through the province.. Population of the province, 1,600,00o (Moslems, 1,280,000;, Christians, 317,000; Jews, 3000). The city stretches along the lower slopes of the Mysian. Olympus or Kechish Dagh, occupying a position above the valley of the Nilufer (Odrysses) not unlike that of Great Malvern above the vale of the Severn. It is divided by ravines into three quarters, and in the centre, on a bold terrace of rock, stood the ancient Prusa. The modern town has clean streets and good roads made by Ahmed Vefyk Pasha when Vali, and it contains. mosques and tombs of great historic and architectural interest. The mosques show traces of Byzantine, Persian and Arab influence in their plan, architecture and decorative details.. The circular church of St Elias, in which the first two sultans,, Osman and Orkhan, were buried, was destroyed by fire and earthquake, and rebuilt by Ahmed Vefyk Pasha. There are in. the town an American mission and school,and a British orphanage. Silk-spinning is an important industry, the export of silk in 1902 being valued at 620,00o. There are also manufactories of silk stuffs, towels, burnus, carpets, felt prayer-carpets embroidered in silk and gold. The hot iron and sulphur springs near Brusa, varying in temperature from 112° to 178° F., are still much used.. The town is connected with its port, Mudania, by a railway and. a road.

buccaneers – n. 1. pirate, sea robber, sea rover -- (someone who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea without having a commission from any sovereign nation).

buccaneer – Noun. 1. someone who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea without having a commission from any sovereign nation; (synonym) pirate, sea robber, sea rover; (hypernym) plunderer, pillager, looter, spoiler, despoiler, raider, freebooter; (hyponym) corsair, Barbary pirate. Verb. 1. live like a buccaneer; (hypernym) live; (derivation) pirate, sea robber, sea rover. The buccaneers were pirates who attacked Spanish shipping in the Caribbean Sea during the 17th century. The term buccaneer is now used generally as a synonym for pirate. Originally, buccaneer crews were larger, more apt to attack coastal cities, and more localized to the Caribbean than later pirate crews who sailed to the Indian Ocean on the Pirate Round in the late 17th century.

Bucky Balls -  [AKA: C60 molecules & buckminsterfullerene] - molecules made up of 60 carbon atoms arranged in a series of interlocking hexagonal shapes, forming a structure similar to a soccer ball. Even though Buckminsterfullerene (“Buckyballs”, chemical formula C60) was only discovered in 1985 and is presented in the media as a high-tech nanomaterial with promising applications in medicine, this intriguing substance occurs naturally in rare but massive geological deposits such as Karelian Shungite, a black, glass-like mineral with a 98% carbon content. Other natural deposits of C60 occur in Fulgurite from Colorado and Sudbury Black Tuff from Canada. Shungite occurs mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan, but also in Austria, India and the Congo. For at least the last three hundred years, Russians have attributed healing properties to the stones, specifically when people bathe in, or drink the water that percolates through Shungite gravel. In the early eighteenth century, Peter the Great built a palace near such a spring that was widely know for having healing properties.  That Shungite spring spa became Russia’s first health resort. Russian soldiers often carried a Shungite stone in those times, to purify water with. Modern research later confirmed the antibacterial activity of the mineral.

Buckytubes - The special nature of carbon combines with the molecular perfection of buckytubes (single-wall carbon nanotubes) to endow them with exceptionally high material properties such as electrical and thermal conductivity, strength, stiffness, and toughness. No other element in the periodic table bonds to itself in an extended network with the strength of the carbon-carbon bond. The delocalized pi-electron donated by each atom is free to move about the entire structure, rather than stay home with its donor atom, giving rise to the first molecule with metallic-type electrical conductivity. The high-frequency carbon-carbon bond vibrations provide an intrinsic thermal conductivity higher than even diamond. In most materials, however, the actual observed material properties – strength, electrical conductivity, etc. – are degraded very substantially by the occurrence of defects in their structure. For example, high strength steel typically fails at about 1% of its theoretical breaking strength. Buckytubes, however, achieve values very close to their theoretical limits because of their perfection of structure – their molecular perfection. This aspect is part of the unique story of buckytubes. Buckytubes are an example of true nanotechnology: only a nanometer in diameter, but molecules that can be manipulated chemically and physically. They open incredible applications in materials, electronics, chemical processing and energy management.

bung – n. 1. The large stopper of the orifice in the bilge of a cask. 2. The orifice in the bilge of a cask through which it is filled; bunghole. 3. A sharper or pickpocket. 4. Traditional sweetener served to English managers in the restaurant of a motorway service station. Usually made from brown paper with some sort of green filling it is a bit like a cinema hotdog - everyone knows they are there, but no one will admit to ever having had one. ! 5. A threaded closure used on the head or body of a drum or tank. 6. A small threaded plastic screw used on hollow skis. Provides a means of repressurising the ski. 7. A 'Bung' is a British slang term, used to refer to a bribe, inducement or incentive in business. --v. 1. To stop, as the orifice in the bilge of a cask, with a bung; to close; -- with up.

C.

canticle – canticle (plural canticles) a chant, hymn or song, especially a nonmetrical one, with words from a biblical text .

capstan- n.; 1. a windlass rotated in a horizontal plane around a vertical axis; used on ships for weighing anchor or raising heavy sails. 2. a thin, spinning cylinder in a tape recorder(= a machine that records and plays back sound) that pulls the tape through the machine. <late 14c., from Old French cabestant, from Old Provençal cabestan, from capestre "pulley cord," from Latin capistrum "halter," from capere "to hold, take" (see capable).

caracul sheep – The Karakul may be the oldest breed of domesticated sheep. Archeological evidence indicates the existence of the Persian lambskin as early as 1400 B.C. and carvings of a distinct Karakul type have been found on ancient Babylonian temples. Although known as the "fur" sheep, the Karakul provided more than the beautifully patterned silky pelts of the young lambs. They were also a source of milk, meat, tallow, and wool, a strong fiber that was felted into fabric or woven into carpeting. The Karakul is native to Central Asia and is named after a village called Karakul which lies in the valley of the Amu Darja River in the former emirate of Bokhara, West Turkestan. This region is one of high altitude with scant desert vegetation and a limited water supply. A hard life imparted to the breed a hardiness and ability to thrive under adverse conditions, which is distinctive of the Karakul sheep to this day.

caravel – n. Hist. a small fast Spanish or Portugese ship of the 15^th-17^th centuries. <Portuguese ‘caravela’.

Carbon Nanotubes -  (CNTs) come in single walled, (SWNTs) double walled (DWNTs), and multi walled (MWNTs) varieties.  CNTs can best be described as a graphene sheet rolled into a one dimensional structure with axial symmetry.  CNTs are one of the primary building blocks which will be critical to the Nanotechnology Revolution.  CNTs have many unique and interesting properties, please visit our our carbon nanotubes applications page as well as our carbon nanotubes FAQs  page to find out more about CNTs.

cardioversion – 1. Conversion of a pathological cardiac rhythm, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia, to a normal sinus rhythm, usually accomplished by a cardioverter device which administers countershocks to the heart through electrodes placed on the chest wall or, more recently, through electrodes placed on or in the heart itself. While the patient under sedation, the heart is shocked back into a normal rhythm. 2. The restoration of the heart's normal sinus rhythm, either by drugs or synchronised electric shock.

careen – v. 1. (with reference to a ship) tilt to one side. 2. move in an uncontrolled way; career. <Latin carina ‘a keel’.

caryatids  - (It.Ren.) (n.) A draped female figure supporting an entablature, in the place of a column or pilaster. < Latin caryatides, plural, from Greek karyatides priestesses of Artemis at Caryae, caryatids, from Karyai Caryae in Laconia; First Known Use: 1563.

casque – Noun. 1. (15-16th century) any armor for the head; usually ornate without a visor; (hypernym) helmet; (hyponym) casquet, casquetel; (part-holonym) body armor, body armour, suit of armor, suit of armour, coat of mail, cataphract.  2. (anatomy), an enlargement on the beaks of some species of birds, including many hornbills; 3. Hornbill ivory, the casque of the helmeted hornbill, collected as a decorative material; 4. A large growth on the skulls of Cassowaries. 5. S. C. H. "Sammy" Davis (1887–1981), a motor-racing journalist who used the pen name Casque.  6. Casque-class destroyer, French Navy ships built between 1910 and 1912

catastrophe - a sudden large-scale, extremely harmful event; the word probably originated from two Greek roots meaning a "falling star" but came to have assigned to it two different roots, meaning "down-turning" and applied to the denouement of a Greek tragedy. 

cathedra – 1. n. official chair (as of university professor); bishop's throne or chair; position or duties of a bishop. 2. (Latin, "chair", from Greek, kathedra, "seat") is the chair or throne of a bishop. It is a symbol of the bishop's teaching authority in the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church, and has in some sense remained such in the Anglican Communion and in Lutheran churches. Cathedra is the Latin word for a chair with armrests, and it appears in early Christian literature in the phrase "cathedrae apostolorum" indicating authority derived directly from the apostles; its Roman connotations of authority reserved for the Emperor were later adopted by bishops after the 4th century. In this sense, it is sometimes referred to as a "bishop's throne." A church into which a bishop's official cathedra is installed is called a cathedral.

Caudate Nucleus - a part of the brain - one side of it is associated with various states of arousal. The other side is associated with relaxation/calm.

cavaliers – 1. Horseback riders. 2. The local name, in the vicinity of Montpelier, France, for the days near the end of March or the beginning of April when the mistral is usually strongest. 1589, from Middle French cavalier 'horseman', from Old Italian cavaliere (“mounted soldier, knight”), from Old Provençal cavalier, from Late Latin caballārius (“horseman”), from Latin caballus (“horse”), from Gaulish caballos 'nag', variant of cabillos (compare Welsh ceffyl, Breton kefel, Irish capall), akin to German (Swabish) Kōb 'nag' and Old Church Slavonic kobyla 'mare'.

cavalier (plural cavaliers) -  1. A military man serving on horse. 2.  A sprightly, military man; hence, a gallant. 3.  One of the court party in the time of King Charles I, as contrasted with a Roundhead or an adherent of Parliament. 4. A work of more than ordinary height, rising from the level ground of a bastion, etc., and overlooking surrounding parts.  5. A well mannered man; a gentleman.

Cell pharmacology: Delivery of drugs by medical nanomachines to exact locations in the body.

Cell Repair Machine - Molecular and nanoscale machines with sensors, nanocomputers and tools, programmed to detect and repair damage to cells and tissues, which could even report back to and receive instructions from a human doctor if needed.

Single Cell Repair Unit http://www.nanotech-now.com/images/cell-repair-machine1-large.gif A cell repair unit using cilia for propulsion and equipped with a nanocomputer having 10 megabytes of fast RAM and 1 gigabyte of slower-access memory. The unit is extending 1000 individually-controlled molecular manipulators.

Multiple Cell Repair Units Working Together http://www.nanotech-now.com/images/cell-repair-machine2-large.gif Several cell repair units are shown simultaneously engaged in repairing a single neuronal cell. Communications fibers and cables link the repair units to a master controller system that directs all the repair activities from outside the scene.

cepstrum - The cepstrum of an audio signal is related to the spectrum, but presents the rate of change in the different spectrum bands. It's particularly useful for properties of vocal tracks and is used, for example, in software to identify speakers by their voice characteristics.

certes - adverb, Archaic. 1. certainly; in truth; with certainty; truly. <1200-50; Middle English < Old French phrase a certes < Latin *ā certīs, literally, from sure (things); see a-⁴,

chaplet – n. an ornamental circular band worn on the head. <Old French chapelet ‘little hat’.

charwoman – n., a human female who does housework; a woman whose job is to clean and tidy an office or private house; A woman hired for odd work or for single days. UK: old-fashioned. >1590s, from Middle English char, cherre "turn of work" (see chore) + woman. An Alicia Charwoman appears in the Borough of Nottingham records in 1379.

chasubules - noun: (Ecclesiastical Terms) Christianity a long sleeveless outer vestment worn by a priest when celebrating Mass. < [French, from Old French, from Late Latin casubla, hooded garment, from *casupula, diminutive of casa, house.]

chatelaine – n. dated. a woman in charge of a large house. <French.

Chitral River –  The Chitral river also known as Kunar River is about 298 miles long, located in northern Pakistan. The river system is fed from melting glaciers and snow of the Hindu Kush mountains. It is part of the Indus / Sindh watershed. It was once called the Kama^[1] river.The river rises in the far north of Chitral District in Pakistan. Downstream as far as Mastuj it is known as the Yarkhun River from there to its confluence with the Lutkho River just north of the important regional centre of Chitral it is called the Mastuj River.^[2] It is then called the Chitral River, before flowing south into the upper Kunar Valley At the confluence of the Pech it meets Asadabad, historically Chaga Sarai, The Kunar River empties into the Kabul River just to the east of the city of Jalalabad in Afghanistan. The combined rivers then flow eastwards into Pakistan, roughly following the Grand Trunk Road through the Khyber Pass, and joining the Indus River at the city of Attock.

chreode - A canalized pathway of change within a morphic field (see below).

chromosomes - Microscopic, threadlike structures found in the nuclei of living cells, and also in cells without nuclei such as bacteria. They are made up of DNA and protein and contain chains of genes.

Chrüterchraft - a Swiss word. It stands for herbs. It stands for efficacy and enjoyment. So this one word incorporates all the Ricola values: the magical blend of herbs, the Swiss heritage, the soothing effect, and the great taste of our products", enthuses Felix Richterich, CEO and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Ricola. For Ricola, "Chrüterchraft" is not simply a campaign; it's a mission, to put a Swiss word on the world's lips. The aim is to make people around the world familiar with this unique Swiss expression, and have fun pronouncing it. Jean-Remy von Matt, director at Jung von Matt AG, adds, "Chrüterchraft is our magical word for Ricola's uniqueness. And it's quite intentionally a tongue-twister for anyone who doesn't speak Swiss German."

chthonic – 1. dark, primitive, mysterious.  2. of or relating to the underworld. 3. of or pertaining to the deities, spirits, and other beings dwelling under the earth, as in Classical Mythology.  Origin: 1840–50; < Greek chthóni ( os ) ( chthon-, stem of chthṓn  earth + -ios  adj. suffix) + -an; akin to Latin humus  earth ( see humus).

Churning Your Account -A broker's unethical practice of continually trading your account simply to generate commissions for him; Life churns everyone's account – for its profit, so that all extant energies are traded and transformed and thus everything that Life needs to be done - - - -- gets done. (Employing The Bad News Syndrome is one way Life keeps your account churned; even when things are going well there is always the feeling of bad news lurking just behind you.) This keeps the city vibrant and vital, but does nothing to aid a man with The Aim; which is why only the moment is of any consequence in his life.

clepsydra – 1. A water clock; a contrivance for measuring time by the graduated flow of a liquid, as of water, through a small aperture. 2. Water clock used by Chinese and Romans. The latter sometimes attached a bell, thus making their clocks the first to chime. 3. a microscopic marine invertebrate which dwells in the brackish lagoons of South Africa. 4. A Clepsydra is a microscopic marine invertebrate which dwells in the brackish lagoons of South Africa's St. Augustine Nature Preserve. In many ways it resembles a hydra, and uses an array of small tentacles to bring food into its body. Clepsydras feed on algae and phytoplankton rich in proteins.  5. .NET distributed application framework.

cloche bonnet - The cloche was at the height of popularity in the Roaring '20s, worn by fashion-savvy flappers. The cloche shape is relevant again! This fun fashion trend has been bolstered by a surge of interest in the hit television show "Downton Abbey". The upper class women depicted in the show have a refined approach to fashion highlighted by absolutely incredible headwear like decorative cloches. Brands like Helen Kaminski and Betmar are adept at blending classic fashion with fresh designs to produce stunning results, and a perfect example is their gorgeous selection of cloches.

codec - A computer program capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream. The term is a portmanteau (a blending of two or more words) of coder and decoder.

cockatrice – 1. A cockatrice is a legendary creature, "an ornament in the drama and poetry of the Elizabethans" (Breiner). The cockatrice was invented in the late twelfth century based on a hint in Pliny's Natural History, as a duplicate of the basilisk or regulus, in appearance resembling a giant rooster, with a lizard-like tail. A fabulous serpent whose breath and look were said to be fatal.  It was supposed to be born from an egg laid by a cock. This impossibility is at the root of the originally pejorative term "Cockney" ("cock's egg") for a Londoner, and incubated by a toad or serpent. 2. Like a wyvern with a cock’s head, comb and wattles, and a barbed tongue. 3. In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, the cockatrice is a small avian magical beast. Any creature that a cockatrice bites can be permanently turned to stone.

cold as billy b. hell – usage: ” I said, "I know the place. I haven't been there in a time. Some of us island kids used to root around there summers, before we had to make ourselves a living. It will get cold as Billy B. Hell when the snows come." - She Sells Sea Shells by Paul Darcy Boles.

Color Frequencies - Color Range  Values in NM     Sound in HZ

                                    Infrared           1000-751          68.21 - 90.83

                                    Red                  750-650            90.95 - 104.94

                                    Orange            640-590            106.58 -115.61

                                    Yellow             580-550            117.61 - 124.02

                                    Green             530-490            128.70 - 139.21

                                    Blue                 480-460            142.11 - 148.29

                                    Violet             430-390            158.63 - 174.90

                                    Ultraviolet       380-280            179.51 - 243.61

comma of Didymus, the – the difference between the major and minor tones, also called the interval between the lesser and greater whole tones, is 9/8 ÷10/9 = 81/80, which in cents is 1200 log₂  81/80  ≈ 21.5 .  Named after the Greek music theorist Didymus The Musician (1^st century a.d.).

comma of Pythagorus, the – the sequence of twelve just fifths is almost the same as the sequence of seven octaves. That is, (3/2)¹²  = 129.75 ≈ 128 = 2⁷ . The difference between them is 1.75; as an interval between them, it’s 1.01354 (approx), which is 23.46 cents (approx).

companding - Refers to the process of compressing the dynamic range of an audio signal before storage or transmission, then expanding the signal on retrieval or reception. The term is a portmanteau (a blending of two or more words) of compressing and expanding.

conditioned things - these are the fivefold skandhas, matter, and so on. These are the aggregate of matter, of the sensations, of ideas, of mental formations, and of consciouness. 1.Samkrta, conditioned, is explained etymologically as "that which has been created (krta) by causes in union and combination". There is no dharma which is engendered by a single cause.  2 .Conditioned things are the paths, they are the foundations of discourse; they are "possessed of leaving"; they are "possessed of causes". Conditioned things are called paths (adhvan) because they are devoured (adyante) by impermanence. Discourse means words, or speech; discourse has names of words for its foundation. 3. Nihsara signifies "leaving"; leaving is the Nirvana of all conditioned things. As one should depart from conditioned things, one qualifies them as "endowed with leaving". 4. Conditioned things are dependent on causes; they are thus qualified as savastuk, that is, "having causes".  Such are the diverse synonyms of "conditioned things". (cf. endless things, q.v.)

Consciousness - 1. There are 89 different classes of consciouness, which the wise divide into one hundred and twenty.  2. The 89 classes of consciousness are grouped as follows: 54 are Kamavacara, 15 are Rupavacara, 12 are Arupavacara, and 8 are Lokuttara; 54+15+12+8=89. 3. In the 89 types of consciousness, 52 mental states arise in varying degree. There are 7 concomitants common to every consciousness. There are 6 others that may or may not arise in each and every consciousness. They are termed Pakinnakas, Particulars. All these 13 are designated Annasamanas, a rather peculiar technical term. These 13 become moral or immoral according to the type of consciousness in which they occur; 14 concomitants are invariably found in every type of immoral consciousness; 19 are common to all types of moral consciousness; 6 other moral concomitants occur as occasion arises. Thus, these fifty-two (7+6+14+19+6=52) are found in the respective types of consciouness in different proportions. In the Abhidharma, all the 52 mental states are enumerated and classified. Every type of consciousness is microscopically analysed, and the accompanying mental states are given in detail. The type of consciousness in which each mental state occurs, is also described. <A Manual of Abhidhamma (Being Abhidhammattha Saïgaha of Bhadanta Anuruddhàcariya), Edited In The Original Pàli Text With English Translation And Explanatory Notes By Nàrada Mahà Thera.

congee  - The Chinese call the dish Congee, another name is Jook, a soupy porridge made with rice, water, vegetables and other ingredients to boost longevity, soothe the ill and strengthen the digestive system. It is also known as rice water, and in China it is a traditional breakfast food. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) the stomach rules holding the food, while the spleen governs the transportation and transformation of the food. Their ability to work properly is considered so important that the qi energy of the human body rests on the proper function of the spleen and stomach. A bowl of warm rice congee taken for breakfast fortifies the spleen, harmonizes the stomach and is a great meal to start your day.

contra superbium – against pride.

contumaceous – var. of contumacious: adj. (archaic or law) (Especially of a defendant’s behavior) stubbornly or willfully disobedient to authority. <late 16th century: from Latin contumax, contumac- (perhaps from con- 'with' + tumere 'to swell') + -ious.

Conway's Law -  prov. The rule that the organization of the software and the organization of the software team will be congruent; originally stated as "If you have four groups working on a compiler, you'll get a 4-pass compiler".  Melvin Conway, an early proto-hacker who wrote an assembler for the Burroughs 220 called SAVE.  The name `SAVE' didn't stand for anything; it was just that you lost fewer card decks and listings because they all had SAVE written on them.

cooters – The river cooter (Pseudemys concinna) is a freshwater turtle native to the central and eastern United States, from Virginia south to mid-Georgia, west to eastern Texas, Oklahoma, and north to southern Indiana. They are usually found in rivers with moderate current, as well as lakes and tidal marshes. Pseudemys is a genus of large, herbivorous, freshwater turtles of the eastern United States and adjacent northeast Mexico. They are often referred to as cooters, which stems from kuta, the word for turtle in the Bambara and Malinké languages, brought to America by African slaves.

corybantic - It’s best not to delve too deeply into the Greek myths behind this word, which feature hermaphroditism, nocturnal emissions and castration. Merely a story of everyday life on Mounts Olympus and Parnassus.  -The principal figure is Cybele, goddess of fertility and mistress of wild nature, who had a huge and jealous love for a young man named Attis. The legend was created by the ancient Phrygians, but was taken over by the Greeks (who identified her with Rhea, mother of the gods), and later by the Romans. Cybele was often pictured in a chariot drawn by lions and was worshipped by nine armed and crested men called Korybantes in Greek and Corybantes in Latin. They performed noisy, extravagant, orgiastic dances to the sounds of drums and other instruments. Why, you have made her [Rhea] quite mad: she harnesses those lions of hers, and drives about all over Ida with the Corybantes, who are as mad as herself, shrieking high and low for Attis; and there they are, slashing their arms with swords, rushing about over the hills, like wild things, with dishevelled hair, blowing horns, beating drums, clashing cymbals; all Ida is one mad tumult. Nigrinus, by Lucian of Samosata, 1st century AD. In the seventeenth century, English gained corybantic to describe any unrestrained dancing and music making. It became in time a term for rather more sober merrymaking. In 1890, Thomas Henry Huxley wrote in the Times about “That form of somewhat corybantic Christianity of which the soldiers of the Salvation Army are the militant missionaries.” A more recent example, from the literature of fantasy: “She taught him the courtly manners of the elf lords, and also the corybantic measures they trod when they were out in the open, barefoot in dew and drunk with moonlight. “The Broken Sword, by Poul Anderson, 1954.

Cost -  There is no connection between cost and need for the rebel; prices are irrelevant regarding what it takes to mount the inner rebellion; conversely: Anything he can afford – he knows is no value to his struggle. A large part of man’s life in the intangible realm is spent calculating costs: debating the cost of Prince Charming’s coach makes Cinderella's story just seem that much more real. (Politics and religion have their own versions).

c.p.i.d. – consistent pattern of individual differences. If a survey were to be taken of researchers in the field of altruism as to whether they believed there was such an entity as 'the altruistic personality,' the majority would answer with a resounding 'no.' There are very few, if any, programs of research in operation on consistent patterns of individual differences in altruistic behavior, although just about every other conceivable research approach has been used (see e.g. Rushton and Sorrentino, 1981). No, researchers do not study the altruistic personality for the fairly compelling reason that they don't believe there is such a thing.

cruet - /ˈkruː.ɨt/, also called a caster, is a small flat-bottomed vessel with a narrow neck. Cruets often have an integral lip or spout, and may also have a handle. Unlike a small carafe, a cruet has a stopper or lid. Cruets are normally made from glass, ceramic, or stainless steel.Cruets today typically serve a culinary function, holding liquid condiments such as olive oil and balsamic vinegar. They often have a filter built into them to act as a strainer, so that vinegar containing herbs and other solid ingredients will pour clear. Cruets also serve as decanters for lemon juice and other oils. They are also used for the serving of the wine and water in a Catholic mass. In the UK a small cruet can also hold previously ground salt or pepper.

crufty - /kruhf'tee/ [origin unknown; poss. from `crusty'] adj. 1. Poorly built, possibly over-complex.  The  canonical   example is "This is standard old crufty  DEC   software".  In fact, one fanciful theory of the origin of `crufty' holds that was originally a mutation of `crusty' applied to DEC software so old that the `s' characters were tall and skinny, looking more like `f' characters.  2. Unpleasant, especially to the touch, often with encrusted junk.  Like spilled coffee smeared with peanut butter and catsup.  3. Generally unpleasant.  4. (sometimes spelled `cruftie') n. A small crufty object (see “frob”  ); often one that doesn't fit well into the scheme of things.  "A LISP property list is a good place to store crufties (or, collectively, random cruft)."

curtius sequitur, veni – (Latin) Curtius follow, come.

Cusps  - (of the magnetosphere)--two regions of weak magnetic field, on the sunward boundary of the magnetosphere, one on each side of the equator. They separate magnetic field lines closing on the front from those swept into the Earth´s magnetotail.

cuspy -  /kuhs'pee/ [WPI: from the {DEC} abbreviation CUSP, for `Commonly Used System Program', i.e., a utility program used by many people] adj. 1. (of a program) Well-written.  2. Functionally excellent.  A program that performs well and interfaces well to users is cuspy.  See “rude”.  3. [NYU] Said of an attractive woman, especially one regarded as available.  Implies a certain curvaceousness.

Cymatics - The study of the effects of sound on matter - I use it as a very loose term to cover sound frequencies that claim to effect matter or human biology in some way.

D.

daira –  Daira is an ancient Georgian percussion instrument that represents a wooden arch with stretched leather that has some thin rattles inside. Rich families and good players decorated some Dairas with different kinds of ornaments. Daira was widely used at weddings, holidays and in merriments. It is widely spread in the regions of Samegrelo and Racha (western part of Georgia), in the lowlands of eastern Georgia and mountain regions (in Tusheti). There is no big difference between the types of Daira in various regions. Dance melodies were performed on Daira as well. Women play the instrument as usual. More than one Daira is not used during performance. Daira was often combined with multipipe wind instrument Soinari in the region of Samegrelo. But mostly it was accompanied with Duduki.

darstellung (German): 1. Darstellung [n] (performance, public_presentation) a dramatic or musical entertainment; 2. Darstellung [n] (performance) the act of presenting a play or a piece of music or other entertainment; 3. Darstellung [n] (presentation, presentment, demonstration) a show or display; the act of presenting something to sight or view; 4. Darstellung [n] (presentation) the act of presenting a proposal.

datem (chem.) - an acronym for Diacetyl Tartaric Acid Esters of Mono-diglycerides, it is an emulsifier that is derived from , soy, palm, or canola oil, and composed of mixed esters of glycerin in which one or more of the hydroxyl groups of glycerin has been esterified by diacetyl tartaric acid and by fatty acids. The ingredient is prepared by the reaction of diacetyl tartaric anhydride with mono- and diglycerides that are derived from edible sources. The major components are a glycerol molecule with a stearic acid residue, a diacetyltartaric acid residue and a free secondary hydroxyl group.

dator – 1. [ˈda.tɔr] dator m (genitive datōris); Someone who gives; a giver, donor or patron.  Third declension, dator second-person singular.  2.  Probably a borrowing from Swedish dator (“computer”), apparently ultimately from English DATa processor.

death – 1. ”In this vein, Hillman writes that “Death in the soul is not lived forward in time and put off into an afterlife. It is concurrent with daily life as Hades is side by side with his brother Zeus.”[5] According to Hillman, the problem lies in our “defense against Hades,” or, put differently, our “defensive identities with life.”[6]  So often we do everything in our power to escape (our fear of) death, preferring instead feelings of excitement and invincibility, hope and possibility. We prefer spirit but forget the equally important and deepening present-minded soul.”  2. }”“It is against this background that we must place also such major Renaissance concerns as reputation (fama); nobility, and dignity. They take on further significance when envisioned within a psychology that bears death in mind. To consider fama merely as fame in our romantic sense puts Renaissance psychology into the inflated ego of the very important person or pop star. But when death gives the basic perspective, then magnificence, reputation, and nobility are tributes to soul, part of what can be done for it during the ego’s short hour on the stage. Then fame refers to the lasting worth of soul and psychology can afford to treat of the grand themes: perfection of grace, dignity of man, nobility of princes.” “

Deconstruction of the Ego - In James Hillman's deconstruction of traditional views of the self and his view of "multiple realities" he "senses" and is even a vehicle for "post-modernism". In addition his views on polytheism and multiplicity place him in league with those post-modern psychoanalysts (e.g. Lacan, 1977) who regard the ego, and particularly ego psychology, with considerable contempt. The notion of a conflict-free, rational ego, in charge of the personality, is, for Hillman and these thinkers an utter illusion. The unconscious runs through everything, including psychology itself. He can affirm with Lacan that there is no univocal speech, no absolute sincerity, no unitary self, and nothing "in charge," from which any such univocal speech, action or sincerity can arise. The ego must step aside in favor of the soul. Indeed the job of therapy, whether it be conducted by one's own anima or by an actual therapist, is (contrary to the Freudian maxim) to lead the individual deeper into unconsciousness. The identification of the essential person with "consciousness" is the faulty heritage of Descartes and of 19th century psychology. "What brings cure is an archetypal consciousness, and this notion of consciousness is definitely not based on ego" (Hillman 1985, p. 87). Hillman distinguishes ego, consciousness and reason on the one hand, from soul, unconsciousness, and archetype on the other. Indeed, he provides us with a list of ego related terms (such as commitment, relatedness, responsibility, choice, light, problem solving, reality testing, strengthening, developing, controlling, progressing,) and contrasts them with anima or soul related terminology (attachment, fantasy, image, reflection, insight, mirroring, holding, cooking, digesting, echoing, gossiping, deepening) (Hillman 1985, p. 97).  There is no real, deep self. There are as many "selves" as there are archetypes around which a "self" can be "constellated." From Hillman's perspective Jung, who was otherwise the predecessor to Hillman's own archetypal psychology, was caught up and blinded by a single archetype, the unified "self".

deep space -  n. 1. Describes the notional location of any program that has gone “off the trolley”.  Esp. used of programs that just sit there silently grinding long after either failure or some output is expected.  "Uh oh.  I should have gotten a prompt ten seconds ago.  The program's in deep space somewhere." Compare “buzz”, “catatonic”, “hyperspace”.  2. The metaphorical location of a human so dazed and/or confused or caught up in some esoteric form of “bogosity” that he or she no longer responds coherently to normal communication.  Compare “page out”.

demiss – 1. obsolete :  humble, submissive . 2. obsolete :  base, degraded .  3. obsolete :  cast down :  dejected . <Latin demissus, past participle of demittere to send down, lower, drop — more at demise .

Demiurge   - refers to a grand original intelligence who acted to produce the real world, as described in cosmogonies of early peoples and philosophers

dereistic – Mental activity that is not in accordance with reality, logic, or experience. Living in imagination or fantasy with thoughts that are incongruent with logic or directed away from reality; not using normal logic; see under thinking.

Dharma -   Sanskrit; dhamma (Pali); truth or reality; the central notion of Buddhism; teachings of the Buddha; it is considered one of the three “jewels” of Buddhism; often used as a general term for Buddhism.

Dharmata -  (Sanskrit) Ground for being, the essence of everything; unifying spiritual reality; the absolute from which all proceeds.

diabolus in musica – the tritone fourth between f and b, in the complex ratio 45/32 or 45:32.

diakrisis – 1. distinguishing; hence: deciding, passing sentence on; the act of judgment, discernment.   <Greek, διάκριση • (diákrisi) f (plural διακρίσεις) distinction, of note discretion, discrimination διάκριση (diákrisi). (diákrisis (from /diakrínō, see there) – properly, a thorough judgment, i.e. a discernment (conclusion) which distinguishes "look-alikes," i.e. things that appear to be the same. (Note the intensifying force of the prefix, dia.) See also (diakrínō).)

dialectic - 1. [n] any formal system of reasoning that arrives at the truth by the exchange of logical arguments .  2. [n] a contradiction of ideas that serves as the determining factor in their interaction ; "this situation created the inner dialectic of American history".  3. [a] of or relating to or employing dialectic ; "the dialectical method"; the general application of this principle in analysis, criticism, exposition, etc.   4.  the method of logic used by Hegel and adapted by Marx to observable social and economic processes: it is based on the principle that an idea or event (thesis) generates its opposite (antithesis), leading to a reconciliation of opposites (synthesis).  Etym.: 1580s, earlier dialatik (late 14c.), from O.Fr. dialectique (12c.), from L. dialectica, from Gk. dialektike (techne) "(art of) philosophical discussion or discourse," fem. of dialektikos "of conversation, discourse," from dialektos "discourse, conversation" (see dialect).

dialectical materialism - A form of materialism that sees matter not as something static, on which change and development have to be imposed, but as containing within its own nature those tensions or "contradictions" that provide the motive force for change.

Dielectric tensor - Tensor describing the three-dimensional plasma response to three-dimensional electric fields; see (e.g.) Stix, Thomas Howard, Waves in Plasmas, American Institute of Physics, New York, 1992 for details.

diesis, the – the difference (i.e. quotient) beween the minor tone and the limma, 10/9 ÷16/15 = 25/24.

dilate – 1. To expand; to distend; to enlarge or extend in all directions; to swell; -- opposed to contract; as, the air dilates the lungs; air is dilated by increase of heat. 2.  To enlarge upon; to relate at large; to tell copiously or diffusely. add details, as to an account or idea; clarify the meaning of and discourse in a learned way, usually in writing; "She elaborated on the main ideas in her dissertation" 3. To open or stretch a tubular organ (such as the urethra) beyond its normal dimensions. 4.  n. The opening or stretching of a tubular structure. <  Latin verb "dilatare" meaning "to enlarge or expand."

diploid — n. having a single set of paired chromosomes (twice the number of chromosomes as in the gametes); 2n. Cf. haploid, having only one full set of unpaired chromosomes.

Dipole  - a compact source of magnetic force, with two magnetic poles. A bar magnet, coil or current loop, if their size is small, create a dipole field. The Earth´s field, as a crude approximation, also resembles that of a dipole, located near the Earth´s center.

distal ejecta - impact ejecta found at distances greater than 5 crater radii from the rim of the source crater, as opposed to proximal ejecta, which are found closer than 5 crater radii from the crater rim, and which make up about 90% of all material thrown out of the crater during the impact event.

Dithering -  a technique used in computer graphics to create the illusion of more colors when displaying an image which has a low color depth. In a dithered image, the missing colors are reproduced by a certain arrangement of pixels in the available colors. The human eye perceives this as a mixture of the individual colors.

djuppay - the special costume of the Armenian women of Erzerum. The dress of the Armenians reflects a rich cultural tradition. Wool and fur were utilized by the Armenians and later cotton that was grown in the fertile valleys. Silk imported from China was used by royalty, during the Urartian period. Later the Armenians cultivated silkworms and produced their own silk. The collection of Armenian women’s costumes begins during the Urartu time period, wherein dresses were designed with creamy white silk, embroidered with gold thread. The costume was a replica of a medallion unearthed by archaeologists at Toprak Kale near Lake Van, which some 3,000 years ago was the site of the capital of the Kingdom of Urartu.[1]

DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule consisting of a large number of chemical units called nucleotides attached together in single file to form along strand. Usually two such strands are linked together parallel to each other and coiled into a helix. DNA is the material of genetic inheritance, but in higher organisms only a small proportion of the DNA appears to be in genes. DNA contains four kinds of nucleotide, and the sequence of the nucleotides is the basis of the genetic code. DNA strands pass on their structure to copies of themselves in the process of replication, and the genetic code of genes can be "translated" into the sequences of amino acids which are joined together in chains to form proteins. Protein synthesis takes place on the basis of strands of RNA (ribonucleic acid), which serve as templates. These are "transcribed" from the DNA of genes.

Dogen (1200-1253) - Japanese founder of Soto Zen; brought Soto school to Japan; he stressed shikan taza, or ‘just sitting’, as the means to enlightenment.

Dojo -  (Japanese) Zen training hall.

domain - A domain name locates an organization or other entity on the Internet. For example, the domain name www.analogx.com locates an Internet address for "analogx.com" at Internet point 63.166.232.200 and a particular host server named "www". The "com" part of the domain name reflects the purpose of the organization or entity (in this example, "commercial") and is called the top-level domain (TLD) name. The "analogx" part of the domain name defines the organization or entity and together with the top-level is called the second-level domain name. The second-level domain name maps to and can be thought of as the "readable" version of the Internet address.

dominance - In genetics, a dominant gene is one that brings about the same phenotypic (q.v.) effects whether it is present in a single dose along with a specified allele (q.v.), or in a double dose. The allele that is ineffective in the presence of the dominant gene is said to be recessive.

domovoi and dvorovoi - In Russian folklore a domovoy is a household spirit, also called "the grandfather" and "the master". He looks like a tiny old man whose face is covered with white fur, or as a double of the head of a house. There is a legend on the origin of the domovye (plural): when the evil host had been thrown out of the sky, some malicious spirits fell into human habitats. Living near the mortals those spirits became soft and friendly in time so to say, transformed into a kind of mischievous helpers. There is a domovoy in each house, and he watch not only the house itself but all the inhabitants as well (obviously, today we should say that there is a domovoy in each apartment). This spirit is a big trickster and mischief-maker: he tickles sleeping people, squalls, knocks on the wall, throws pans and plates just for the sake of nothing. He is on good terms with the domovye of the houses next-door to his own until they start pilfering; then he gets up to protect the house and the property. There are two kinds of the domovye, a domovoy who lives in a house and a dvorovoy who lives in a courtyard (now people can meet a dvorovoy only in the country). A domovoy is a shapeshifter and could take a shape of various animals -a cat or a dog, a snake or a rat. A domovoy is fond of those people who live in the full consent, and take good care of their property. But he does not like lazy-bones and trollops and tries to hurt and harm them in every way. To secure himself from tricks and anger of a domovoy, a man should present this spirit some gift. Russian domovoy resembles in many ways the Scottish brownie. It was represented as an elongated carved wooden statue. The belief in the pagan gods of nature never quite died out even after Russians embraced Christianity. This created the condition of dvoeverie or duality of belief. The new Christian protector of hearth and home, St. Paraskeva, acquired some of the appearance as well as the function of the domovoi -- the very pagan figure she was replacing.

dualism - The philosophical doctrine that mind and matter exist as independent entities, neither being reducible to the other (cf. materialism).

Dystopia - often used to describe a society where people lead dehumanized, fearful, and technology-restricted lives. In other words, a totalitarianism or theocracy, where books are burned, reading of dangerous ideas is proscribed, and the state controls science.

E.

Echmiadzin - Vagharshapat (Armenian: Վաղարշապատ, pronounced [vɑʁɑɾʃɑˈpɑt]), officially known as Ejmiatsin between 1945 and 1995[2] (also spelled Etchmiadzin or Echmiadzin, Էջմիածին, pronounced [ɛt͡ʃʰmjɑˈt͡sin]), is the fourth-largest city in Armenia and the most populous city in Armavir Province, located about 18 km (11 mi) west of the capital, Yerevan, and 10 km (6 mi) north of the Armenian-Turkish border. In 658 AD, Vagharshapat, along with the rest of the Ancient Armenian Highland, was conquered by the Arabs. The city was briefly revived between the 9th and 11th centuries under the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia, before being overrun by the Byzantines in 1045 and later by the Seljuqs in 1064. In the middle of the 13th century, Vagharshapat became part of the Ilkhanate of the Mongol Empire. After the invasion of Tamerlane in 1387, the city fell under the rule of the Timurid dynasty. In 1410, Armenia came under the rule of the Kara Koyunlu Turkomans who ruled until 1468, when the Aq Qoyunlu Turkomans controlled the Armenian territories until 1502. Under the Turkic-Mongol rule, the city was known to the Turks as Uchkilisa (Üçkilise, "three churches" in Turkic). During the long period of the foreign rules started from 1045, Vagharshapat turned into an insignificant city until 1441, when the seat of the Armenian Catholicosate was transferred from the Cilician city of Sis back to Etchmiadzin. Between 1502 and 1828, Armenia became part of the Persian state under the rule of Safaavid, Afsharid and Qajar dynasties, with short periods of Ottoman rule between 1578 and 1603 and later between 1722 and 1736. In 1828, after the Russo-Persian War, Vagharshapat — as a part of the Erivan Khanate — was handed over to the Russian Empire as a result of the Treaty of Turkmenchay signed on 21 February 1828.Armenia enjoyed a short period of independence between 1918 and 1920 before falling to the Bolshevik 11th Red Army and becoming part of the Soviet Union. In 1925, the new plan of rebuilding the modern town was introduced by architect Alexander Tamanian. It was finally completed between 1939 and 1943. In 1945, the town of Vagharshapat was officially renamed Etchmiadzin by the Soviet government.During the 1950s and 1960s, the town has witnessed a massive wave of construction, including residential buildings and industrial plants. By the end of the 1960s, the historical monuments of the town; including the religious complex of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, Saint Hripsime Church, Saint Gayane Church and the surrounding area of Zvartnots Cathedral, were entirely rehabilitated.[4] After the independence of Armenia, the town was officially renamed Vagharshapat in 1995. However, the town is still popularly known as Ejmiatsin. It is one of the historic capitals of Armenia and the main religious center of the Armenian people with the Etchmiadzin Cathedral, the most important Armenian Apostolic church, located in the city.

eftsoons - adv. (Archaic) 1. Soon afterward; presently. 2. Once again.  <From Middle English eftsone, from Old English eftsōna : eft, again; see apo- in Indo-European roots + sōna, soon.

egalitarian – 1.  Egalitarianism is the doctrine which holds that all of mankind is equal, or that everyone (including men and women) are to be looked upon as equals. In some Theological circles Egalitarianism is also used to identify the doctrine of those who promote wealth redistribution or economic equality. 2. The position that there should be structurally a degree of equality in reference to access to control, influence, and direction over events that affect one's life. There should also be a degree of similarity of rights, duties, responsibilities, treatment, protection, and rewards for all members of a group, category, and society. Equality does not mean sameness. 3. adj. A type of social organization that assumes the equality of all people, in which every individual has an equal opportunity to obtain resources and the esteem of others in leadership activities.

egolionopty – "In addition to all I have mentioned, they also have at their disposal the very best, most convenient, and most rapid 'egolionopties' or, as they are still sometimes called, 'omnipresent platforms. ' "These egolionopties move freely in all directions in the atmosphere of the holy planet, at any desired speed, even at the speed of falling of the second-order suns of our Universe.”  Cf. Magic Carpet, Flying Carpet.

electroject –  An intense electric current which occurs in a narrow belt in the lower ionosphere, especially in the region of strong auroral displays; A flow of intense electric current that moves from west to east in the ionosphere above the earth's magnetic equator.  In the high latitude ionosphere (or auroral zones), the Birkeland currents close through the region of the auroral electrojet, which flows perpendicular to the local magnetic field in the ionosphere.

Electrolyte - A conductive medium in which the flow of electricity takes place; this is the liquid found inside storage batteries.

Embodied Cognition - Cognition is embodied when it is deeply dependent upon features of the physical body of an agent, that is, when aspects of the agent's body beyond the brain play a significant causal or physically constitutive role in cognitive processing. In general, dominant views in the philosophy of mind and cognitive science have considered the body as peripheral to understanding the nature of mind and cognition. Proponents of embodied cognitive science view this as a serious mistake. Sometimes the nature of the dependence of cognition on the body is quite unexpected, and suggests new ways of conceptualizing and exploring the mechanics of cognitive processing. Embodied cognitive science encompasses a loose-knit family of research programs in the cognitive sciences that often share a commitment to critiquing and even replacing traditional approaches to cognition and cognitive processing. Empirical research on embodied cognition has exploded in the past 10 years. As the bibliography for this article attests, the various bodies of work that will be discussed represent a serious alternative to the investigation of cognitive phenomena. Relatively recent work on the embodiment of cognition provides much food for thought for empirically-informed philosophers of mind. This is in part because of the rich range of phenomena that embodied cognitive science has studied. But it is also in part because those phenomena are often thought to challenge dominant views of the mind, such as the computational and representational theories of mind, at the heart of traditional cognitive science. And they have sometimes been taken to undermine standard positions in the philosophy of mind, such as the idea that the mind is identical to, or even realized in, the brain.

enactive cognition - What goes on strictly inside the head never as such counts as a cognitive process. It counts only as a participant in a cognitive process that exists as a relation between the system and its environment. Cognition is not an event happening inside the system; it is the relational process of

sense-making that takes place between the system and its environment. In Maturana and Varela’s language (1980, 1987), cognition belongs to the ‘relational domain’ in which the system as a unity relates to the wider context of its milieu, not to the ‘operational domain’ of the system’s  internal states (e.g., its brain states). Of course, what goes on inside the system is crucial for enabling the system’s cognitive or sense-making relation to its environment, but to call internal processes as such cognitive is to confuse levels of discourse or to make a category mistake (neurons do not think and feel; people and animals do).

endless things – 1. He had come back, at the end of his writing life, to where he stood at the beginning: to Rome, by Giordano Bruno's side. Having once again in his pages tried him, condemned him, put the tall dunce's hat on his head, tied him backward on the ass, the ass whipped from the prison through the streets past mocking and bloodthirsty or incurious crowds to the Campo dei Fiori where the stake has been erected. Ready but unable or unwilling to burn him again. He put his hands on the sheets he had covered this day, not all of them with sense. Endless things, his mother had used to say, and write in her letters too: a little ejaculation or verbal sigh, the endless things of this world that trapped and pestered her or pleaded for her attention like unfed sheep. Endless things, he too had said, said to himself in those days when he had set out for the brand-new Old World in his twenties; endless things, his own small prayer and mantra as he stood on the boat deck or in the crowded and scented foreign street. To him it meant not the endless ghastly multiplication of things, as it did to her. It meant those things that roll onforever: travel, and the intoxications of thought

and gaze and words, and possibility; sex, the sea, childhood and the view from there, the wayahead. But of course (he thought now) it might also mean things without endings, without reprieve. Eternal return; limbo of the lost. Death. Bruno'sjourney to Hell, still going on, from that book to this.  2. Maybe—it seemed to comento be so even as he thought it—maybe earth and time and the endless things were not to be ruled, for like cannot rule like. Was that another and opposite meaning of the tale of Actæon? Actæon: Why did the story seem to make a different sense to him now than it had made before? If you won't bind the things of this world on men's behalf—as you have learned to do, and even to bind us gods on occasion—will you not stay to teach them to unbind themselves? —To teach unbinding is only to bind further. Every man's bonds are his own: only that one who learns his unbinding from his own soul and the love of his neighbors and equals is truly unbound.   3. So the way to defeat power is to propose new laws, laws conceived in the secrecy of the heart and enacted by the will's fiat: laws of desire and hope, which are not fixed but endlessly mutable, and unimposable on anyone else. They are the laws of another history of the world, one's own.  4. Endings are hard. Everybody knows. It's probably because in our own beginningless endless Y-shaped lives things so rarely seem to end truly and properly—they end, but not with The End—that we love and need stories: rushing toward their sweet conclusions as though they rushed toward us, our eyes damp and breasts warm with guilty gratification, or grinning in delight and laughing at ourselves, and at them too, at the impossible endings; we read and we watch and we say in our hearts, This couldn't happen, and we also say, But here it is, happening.  (cf. conditioned things, q.v.)

engender - –verb-transitive: 1. To bring into existence; give rise to: "Every cloud engenders not a storm” ( Shakespeare). 2. To procreate; propagate. –verb-intransitive: To come into existence; originate.

entelechy – noun, pl. en·tel·e·chies: 1. In the philosophy of Aristotle, the condition of a thing whose essence is fully realized; actuality.  2. In some philosophical systems, a vital force that directs an organism toward self-fulfillment.  3. The actualization of form-giving cause as contrasted with potential existence.  4. A hypothetical agency not demonstrable by scientific methods that in some vitalist doctrines is considered an inherent regulating and directing force in the development and functioning of an organism  Etym.: Late Latin entelechia, from Greek entelecheia, from entelēs complete (from en- 2en- + telos end) + echein to have — more at telos, scheme.  First Known Use: 1593.

epinephrine - (ĕpˌənĕfˈrĪn), hormone important to the body's metabolism, also known as adrenaline. Epinephrine, a catecholamine, together with norepinephrine, is secreted principally by the medulla of the adrenal gland. Heightened secretion caused perhaps by fear or anger, will result in increased heart rate and the hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose. This reaction, often called the "fight or flight" response, prepares the body for strenuous activity. The hormone was first extracted (1901) from the adrenal glands of animals by Jokichi Takamine; it was synthesized (1904) by Friedrich Stolz. Epinephrine is used medicinally as a stimulant in cardiac arrest, as a vasoconstrictor in shock, as a bronchodilator and antispasmodic in bronchial asthma, and to lower intra-ocular pressure in the treatment of glaucoma.

equipage – 1. A carriage of state or of pleasure with all that accompanies it, as horses, liveried servants, etc., a showy turn-out.  2. a vehicle with four wheels drawn by two or more horses.   3. one's carriage. 4. Furniture or outfit, whether useful or ornamental; especially, the furniture and supplies of a vessel, fitting her for a voyage or for warlike purposes, or the furniture and necessaries of an army, a body of troops, or a single soldier, including whatever is necessary for efficient service; equipments; accouterments; habiliments; attire.  5. Retinue; train; suite.

epistrophé – 1. n. A figure in which successive clauses end with the same word or affirmation; e. g., "Are they Hebrews? so am I. Are they Israelites? so am I." 2. v. the turning toward the divine ground.

epode – 1. in verse, is the third part of an ode, which followed the strophe and the antistrophe, and completed the movement. 2. A lyric poem characterized by distichs formed by a long line followed by a shorter one. 3. The third division of the triad of a Pindaric ode, having a different or contrasting form from that of the strophe and antistrophe. 4. The part of a choral ode in classical Greek drama following the strophe and antistrophe and sung while the chorus is standing still. <[Latin epōdos, a type of lyric poem, from Greek epōidos, sung after, from epaeidein, epāidein, to sing after : epi-, epi- + aeidein, to sing; see wed- in Indo-European roots.]

eponym – n. 1. the person for whom something is named; "Constantine I is the eponym for Constantinople";  2. the name derived from a person (real or imaginary); "Down's syndrome is an eponym for the English physician John Down"). eponymous, eponymic -- being or relating to or bearing the name of an eponym.

Erivan - Yerevan (yĕrĕvänˈ), Rus. Erivan, city (1989 pop. 1,201,539), capital of Armenia, on the Razdan River. A leading industrial, cultural, and scientific center, Yerevan is also a rail junction and carries on a brisk trade in agricultural products. The city's industries produce metals, machine tools, electrical equipment, chemicals, textiles, and food products. Educational and cultural facilities include a university, the Armenian Academy of Sciences, a state museum, the Cafesjian Center for the Arts (2009), and several libraries. There are ruins of a 16th-century Ottoman fortress.  Archaeological evidence indicates that the fortress of Yerbuni stood on Yerevan's site in the 8th cent. B.C. The city, known in the 7th cent. A.D., was the capital of Armenia under Persian rule and became historically and strategically important as a crossroads of the caravan routes between Transcaucasia and India. After the downfall (15th cent.) of Timur's empire, to which Yerevan belonged, the city passed back and forth between Persia and Turkey. In 1440 it became the center of East Armenia. During the 17th cent. Yerevan was a frontier fort and a caravan trading point. It became the capital of the Yerevan khanate of Persia in 1725. Taken by Russia in 1827, the city was formally ceded by the Treaty of Turkmanchai (1828). Yerevan was the center of independent Armenia from 1918 to 1920, when it became the capital of the newly formed Armenian SSR; in 1991 it once again became independent Armenia's capital. Yerevan was severely damaged by the Dec., 1988, Armenian earthquake.

Erzerum – Erzurum (ĕrˈzŏrŏmˌ) or Erzerum –zə–, city (1990 pop. 241,344), capital of Erzurum prov., E Turkey. It is an agricultural trade center and a railroad center. Agricultural products include sugar beets, wheat, barley, and vegetables. Metal and leather handicrafts are also produced. Although its origins are obscure, the city was known in the 5th cent. A.D. as Theodosiopolis, an important Byzantine frontier fortress. It was later held by various peoples, including the Armenians, Persians, and Seljuk Turks, before being captured by the Ottoman Turks in the early 16th cent. The first Turkish Nationalist congress was held there in 1919. In 1983 an earthquake caused extensive damage in and around the city and killed more than 1,300 people. It is the site of Atatürk Univ.

estivate- 1. to pass or spend the summer. 2. to spend the summer usually at one place.  3. a. to pass the summer in a state of torpor — compare hibernate; to sleep during the summer. <Latin aestīvāre, aestīvāt-, from aestīvus, estival; see estival.

étagère – An étagère is a piece of light furniture which was extensively made in France during the latter part of the 18th century: a curio stand with open shelves. It consists of a series of stages or shelves for the reception of ornaments or other small articles. Like the what-not it was very often cornerwise in shape, and the best Louis XVI examples in exotic woods are exceedingly graceful and elegant.

etrangere – 1. adj. foreign, strange, overseas, extraneous. 2. nm. foreigner, alien, stranger, outsider, intruder.

exogamy – 1. n. The custom, or tribal law, which prohibits marriage between members of the same tribe; marriage outside of the tribe; -- opposed to endogamy.

exultae gentis – 1. to exult a tribe, clan, nation, people. 2. exult the Gentiles.

F.

fascist -  adj. 1. Said of a computer system with excessive or annoying security barriers, usage limits, or access policies.  The implication is that said policies are preventing hackers from getting interesting work done.  The variant `fascistic' seems to have been preferred at MIT, poss. by analogy with `touristic' (see  “tourist “).  2. In the design of languages and other software tools, `the fascist alternative' is the most restrictive and structured way of capturing a particular function; the implication is that this may be desirable in order to simplify the implementation or provide tighter error checking.  Compare  “bondage-and-discipline language “, although that term is global rather than local.

faggots – n. 1. fagot, faggot, fag, fairy, nance, pansy, queen, queer, poof, poove, pouf -- (offensive terms for an openly homosexual man). 2. fagot, faggot -- (a bundle of sticks and branches bound together). 

v. 1. faggot, fagot -- (ornament or join (fabric) by faggot stitch; "He fagotted the blouse for his wife"). 2. faggot, fagot -- (fasten together rods of iron in order to heat or weld them). 3. faggot, fagot, faggot up -- (bind or tie up in or as if in a faggot; "faggot up the sticks")

fatuities – (fatuities plural form of fatuity )Noun 1. a ludicrous folly; "the crowd laughed at the absurdity of the clown's behavior" 2. stupidity; self-satisfied stupidity. Weakness or imbecility of mind.

febrile – feverish.

FFT - Fast Fourier Transform. A method for performing Fourier transforms quickly.

fiber -- Elongated and thickened cell found in xylem tissue. It strengthens and supports the surrounding cells.

field -  A region of physical influence. Fields interrelate and interconnect matter and energy within their realm of influence. Fields are not a form of matter; rather, matter is energy bound within fields. In current physics, several kinds of fundamental field are recognized: the gravitational and electro-magnetic fields and the matter fields of quantum physics. The hypothesis of formative causation broadens the concept of physical fields to include morphic fields as well as the known fields of physics.

filament -- Long chain of proteins, such as found in hair, muscle, or in flagella.

file name extension - A suffix of three or four characters added to a file name which defines the format of its contents. The suffix is separated from the file name by a dot (period), as in "song.mp3".

fimbulwinter – 1. The fimbulwinter is an element in Norse pagan eschatology. One of the signs of the onset of the end of this world, the final, three-year-long winter (with no intervening summers), it marks the coming of the Ragnarok, the battle that will end the world.

fission -- Division of single-celled organisms, especially prokaryotes, in which mitosis does not occur. Also used to refer to mitosis in certain unicellular

fungi.

fnord -  [from the "Illuminatus Trilogy"] n. 1. A word used in e-mail and news postings to tag utterances as surrealist mind-play or humor, esp. in connection with “Discordianism” and elaborate conspiracy theories.  "I heard that David Koresh is sharing an apartment in Argentina with Hitler. (Fnord.)" "Where can I fnord get the Principia Discordia from?"  2. A “metasyntactic variable”, commonly used by hackers with ties to Discordianism or the Church of the SubGenius.

fomorians – 1. In Irish mythology, the Fomorians, Fomors, or Fomori were a semi-divine race who inhabited Ireland in ancient times. They may have once been the beings who preceded the gods, similar to the Greek Titans. It has been suggested that they represent the gods of chaos and wild nature, as opposed to the Tuatha De Danann who represent the gods of human civilization. The race are known as the Fomoire or Fomoiri, names that are often Anglicised as Fomorians, Fomors or Fomori. Later in Middle Irish they are also known as the Fomóraiġ .    <The etymology of the name Fomoire (plural) has been cause for some debate. Medieval Irish scholars thought the name contained the element muire "sea", owing to their reputation as sea pirates. In 1888, John Rhys was the first to suggest that it is an Old Irish word composed of fo "under/below" and muire "sea", concluding that it may refer to beings whose (original) habitat is under the sea. Observing two instances of the early genitive form fomra, Kuno Meyer arrives at the same etymology, but takes it to refer to land by the sea. Whitley Stokes and Rudolf Thurneysen, on the other hand, prefer to connect the second element *mor with a supposed Old English cognate mara "mare" (which survives today in the English word night-mare. Building on these hypotheses, Marie-Louise Sjoestedt interprets the combination of fo and the root *mor as a compound meaning "inferior" or "latent demons".

forecastle- n.; 1.a. living quarters consisting of a superstructure in the bow of a merchant ship where the crew is housed. b. A compartment forward of the mast where the seamen have their berths. 2.b. The foreward most compartment in a sailboat. < c.1400, earlier Anglo-French forechasteil (mid-14c.), from Middle English fore- "before" + Anglo-French castel "fortified tower," the short raised deck in the fore part of the ship used in warfare (see castle (n.)).  Spelling fo'c'sle reflects sailors' pronunciation.

form -  The shape, configuration, or structure of something as distinguished from its material. In the Platonic tradition, the term Form is used to translate the Greek term eidos and is interchangeable with the term Idea. Particular things we experience in the world participate in their eternal Forms, which transcend space and time. By contrast, in the Aristotelian tradition, the forms of things are immanent in the things themselves. From the nominalist point of view, forms have no objective reality independent of our own minds.

formants – pronounced regions of resonance frequencies (pitches) in musical instruments.  <L. Herman.

formative causation, hypothesis of -  The hypothesis that organisms or morphic units at all levels of complexity are organized by morphic fields, which are themselves influenced and stabilized by morphic resonance (q.v.) from all previous similar morphic units.

fool - In old Norse, skir means wise, or innocent. It may appear in the name of the Cumbrian village of Skirwith. The holy fool was an important figure in Russia, and appears in the opera Boris Godunov. In Hebrew, Kesil means fool, impious, and Orion. Kesil and Khima are mentioned together in the book of Amos. Khima is equated with Saturn. In the Iliad, XXI: 410, the war god Ares is a fool; Athene hits him on the neck with a rock. In line 401 it appears that the aegis of Athene is more powerful than the thunderbolt of Zeus. Kesil, a fool, impious, means in the plural the constellation of Orion. There is a parallel with Parsifal, the young innocent, who in Wagner's opera starts as a hunter. He shoots a swan, an act which a Greek might possibly have interpreted as hostility towards Aphrodite, who is associated with birds. Orion was a great hunter, whose dog was Sirius, the dog star. The Greek for 'fool' is moros. It is possible that the word is Semitic m, from, and or, light. Or-is also Greek for a mountain. We have seen that kings, for example Minos, made a practice of visiting shrines on mountain tops. It may be that exposure to electrical storms and priestly experiments on altars could result in mental disturbances such as epilepsy, the sacred disease [electrical in origin], and amnesia such as afflicted the Lotus Eaters in the Odyssey.

Freedom Day - Even the most tyrannical rulers have a Freedom Day at which time the people turn out to celebrate their good fortune at being tyrannized by such a wonderful despot: and note: the more repressive the tyrant, the more vocal & vigorous the celebration. (This certainly has no individual application – but: any time you wonder thus about another person: “How can they live like they do?!” – just remember Freedom Day. You might also care to note that the most efficient tyrants are always home town boys; coming from among the people, not from without. “Aye! – there is a viper in my bosom! – oh – it IS my bosom.”)

Fourier Transform - A method for converting a waveform to a spectrum, and back.

frequency - Audio frequency determines the pitch of a sound. Measured in Hz, higher frequencies have higher pitch.

Functional navigation -- in medical nanorobotics, a form of nanorobotic navigation in which nanodevices seek to detect subtle variations in their environment, comparing sensor readings with target tissue/cell profiles and then congregating wherever a precisely defined set of preconditions exists.

funky - adj. Said of something that functions, but in a slightly strange, klugey way.  It does the job and would be difficult to change, so its obvious non-optimality is left alone.  Often used to describe interfaces.  The more bugs something has that nobody has bothered to fix because workarounds are easier, the funkier it is. TECO and UUCP are funky.  The Intel i860's exception handling is extraordinarily funky.  Most standards acquire funkiness as they age.  "The new mailer is installed, but is still somewhat funky; if it bounces your mail for no reason, try resubmitting it." "This UART is pretty funky.  The data ready line is active-high in interrupt mode and active-low in DMA mode."

funicular – 1. a railway up the side of a mountain pulled by a moving cable and having counterbalancing ascending and descending cars; a hybrid of a railroad and an elevator or lift. 2. A term used by engineers who design arches. In an arch, it is the line of force caused by the weight of the arch and its loads. To keep the arch in compression, It is important that the funicular stays near the center of the arch structure. 3. A funicular shape is one similar to that taken by a suspended chain or string subjected to a particular loading. 4. Pertaining to a funiculus; made up of, or resembling, a funiculus, or funiculi; as, a funicular ligament.

G.

Galata -  Galata is located at the north side of the Golden Horn, towards Taksim Square. Galata was surrounded by walls, constructed by the Genoese, until the 19th century. These walls started at Azapkapi near the Golden Horn. The Galata Tower was the northernmost observation tower and the walls go down to Tophane from this point. Its name was "Sykai" (Fig field) during the Byzantine period. It also was called "Peran en Sykais" in Greek, which means fig field of the other side. Its name "Pera" which was used by the Levantines came from this origin. The origin of Galata was either "galaktos" (milk) in Greek or "calata" (stairway) in Italian. Galata is on the European side of Istanbul both geographically and culturally. It was established as a western, Latin and Catholic colony right next to Constantinople, capital of the Eastern Orthodox Byzantine Empire. Its governments changed hands between Venetians and Genoese, but it always remained Latin and Catholic. This did not change after the conquest of Istanbul. However, Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror made this a residential area for Greeks and Jews. Even though this made Galata a non-Latin place, it was still a non-Muslim area next to the capital of Islam. Therefore, "the other side" does not only mean the other side of Golden Horn, but it also means other side culturally. Sometimes the people of Galata sided with the enemies of Istanbul. The first time Galata betrayed the locals was when the Latin Crusades occupied Istanbul in 1204. Galata helped the Latins during this occupation, and Istanbul was pillaged by Latins. That incident was one of the reasons of the decline of the Byzantine Empire.

galil – The Galil is a family of Israeli small arms designed by Yisrael Galil and Yaacov  Lior in the late 1960s and produced by Israel Military Industries Ltd (now Israel Weapon Industries Ltd) of Ramat HaSharon. The rifle design borrowed heavily from the AK-47 and had a modified gas diversion system similar to the AK-47 to reduce the recoil of the rifle making it easier to fire especially in automatic mode. The weapon system consists of a line chambered for the

intermediate 5.56×45mm NATO caliber with either the M193 or SS109 ball cartridge and several models designed for use with the 7.62×51mm NATO rifle round. It is named after one of its inventors, Yisrael Galil. The Galil series of weapons is in use with military and police forces in over 25 countries.

Gampopa (1079-1153) - Tibetan scholar, disciple of Milarepa and Marpa, whom he succeeded; one of the founders of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

gang bang -  n. The use of large numbers of loosely coupled programmers in an attempt to wedge a great many features into a product in a short time.  Though there have been memorable gang  bangs (e.g., that over-the-weekend assembler port mentioned in  Steven Levy's "Hackers"), most are perpetrated by large  companies trying to meet deadlines; the inevitable result is enormous buggy masses of code entirely lacking in orthogonality.  When market-driven managers make a list of all the features the competition has and assign one programmer to implement each, the probability of maintaining a coherent (or even functional) design goes infinitesimal.  See also firefighting,  Mongolian Hordes technique, Conway's Law.

Ganzfeld Effect - This effect was first noticed by Arctic explorers - when they encountered blizzard conditions and could see nothing but white regardless of where they looked, it tended to create altered states of consciousness. These altered states can also be created by sound in the same way - if pink noise is blasted through headphones into both ears, it creates a "sonic blizzard" with the same altered states of consciousness that you get with a literal blizzard.

Garuda -  Bird of Indian mythology said to hatch fully grown and hence symbolizes the awakened state of mind.

geas (geis, geasa ) – 1a. - A binding spell which could not be ignored without consequences; 1b. a charge laid upon someone causing that person to act in a specific manner, often contrary to his/her own inclinations, and which cannot be ignored.  2. enchantment, sorcery. <Gaelic Mythology.

Gelugpa -  One of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism; His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama is the spiritual head of this school.

gene - A unit of the material of inheritance. Genes consist of DNA and are situated in chromosomes; an individual gene is a short length of chromosome that influences a particular character or set of characters of an organism in a particular way. Alternative forms of the same gene are called alleles. The unit of the gene is defined in different ways for different purposes: for molecular biologists it is usually regarded as a cistron, a length of DNA that codes for a chain of amino acids in a protein. For neo-Darwinism, the gene is the unit of selection, and evolution is the change of gene frequencies in populations.

genome -  All the hereditary information encoded in an organism’s DNA.

genotype - The genetic constitution of an organism (cf. phenotype).

Geshe -  (Tibetan) Gelugpa title equivalent to Doctor of Divinity.

gestalt - A German term roughly meaning form, configuration, shape, or essence. The term is used to refer to unified wholes, complete structures or totalities which cannot be reduced to the sum of their parts.

gevalt - [gə vält′] or gevald (interjection) help: an exclamation of alarm. <English Yiddish g'vald ; from Middle High German gewalt, force, violence.

gig - (plural gigs) 1a.(informal, music) A performing engagement by a musical group; or, generally, 1b. any job or role for a musician or performer. 2. (informal, by extension) Any job; especially one that is temporary; or alternately, one that is very desirable.   3.(now historical) A two-wheeled horse-drawn carriage.  4. (archaic) A forked spear for catching fish, frogs, or other small animals.  5. one definition of gig is a gaff- hook used for pulling in fish. It can also be multiple barbed hooks on a line used to snag fish. There is a method of angling in which you jerk the line up sharply. This is called jigging and the type of barbed hook used is called a jig. It seems possible that jig and gig are related in the fishing sense.  6. (Southern England) A six-oared sea rowing boat commonly found in Cornwall and the Isles of Sicily.  7. (US, military) A demerit received for some infraction of military dress or deportment codes. I received gigs for having buttons undone.

glister - glis·tered, glis·ter·ing 1.(intransitive verb) to be bright; to sparkle; to be brilliant; to shine; to glisten; to glitter. 2. n. luster. example: the dew glistered in the soft light of the early morning.<Middle English glistren; akin to Old English glisian; First Known Use: 14th century.

gloaming- n. [See Gloom.] 1. Twilight; dusk; the fall of the evening. [Scot. & North of Eng., and in poetry.] Hogg. 2. Sullenness; melancholy. [Obs.] J. Still. <Old English glomung "twilight," formed (probably on model of æfning "evening") from glom "twilight," related to glowan "to glow" (hence "glow of sunrise or sunset"), from Proto-Germanic *glo- (see glow (v.)). Fell from currency except in Yorkshire dialect, but preserved in Scotland and reintroduced by Burns and other Scottish writers after 1785.

glory - Latin gloria. Sumerian gal = great; Hebrew or = light. Greek or-is a mountain, megal-means 'great'. Great light? 

GNU - The GNU project was started in 1983 by Richard Stallman with the goal of developing a completely free operating system. It is especially well-known from the GNU General Public License (GPL) and GNU/Linux, a GNU-variant with a Linux kernel. The name came about from the naming conventions which were in practice at MIT, where Stallman worked at the time. For programs which were similar to other programs, recursive acronyms were chosen as names. Since the new system was to be based on the widespread operating system, Unix, Stallman looked for that kind of name and came up with GNU, which stands for “GNU is not Unix”. In order to avoid confusion, the name should be pronounced with the “G”, not like “new”. There were several reasons for making GNU Unix-compatible. For one thing, Stallman was convinced that most companies would refuse a completely new operating system, if the programs they used wouldn't run on it. In addition, the architecture of Unix made quick, easy and distributed development possible, since Unix consists of many small programs that can be developed independently of each other, for the most part. Also, many parts of a Unix system were freely available to anyone and could therefore be directly integrated into GNU, for example, the typesetting system, TeX, or the X Window System. The missing parts were newly written from the ground up. (Example: GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) is an official GNU application.)

Gompa -  (Tibetan) Teaching and practice hall; isolated place or monastic site.

gomden - a densely packed rectangular cushion used for sitting meditation.  Gomdens are used for simple cross-legged meditation.

gonnif –  1. a Yiddish word for thief! Sometimes it is used affectionately when a child is called a gonnif, but don't bet on it.

Gothic  - A European movement beginning in France. Gothic sculpture emerged c. 1200, Gothic painting later in the thirteenth century. The artwork are characterized by a linear, graceful, elegant style more naturalistic than that which had existed previously in Europe.

grammarye –   gram·a·rye (grăm′ə-rē) n. Occult learning; magic; An old word for magic or the occult.  [Middle English gramarie, probably from Old French gramaire, grammar, book of magic; see grammar.] “So, there are two distinct roots of Celtic and this affects the lore stories we tell, the Grammarye as we say in Britain. But there are many similarities too.”  

Gravity - Sansbury's electrical model of matter leads to a simple explanation of gravity that allows space to be three-dimensional and Euclidean - which is the way we perceive it. The unification of gravity with the other forces, that has been the subject of almost a century of wild-goose-chases, turns out to be simple. It is merely another manifestation of the electrostatic force. Each proton, neutron and electron, being composed of both positive and negative charge, will respond to an imposed electric force by distorting into an ellipsoid with a positive and negative pole, in other words an electric dipole. We have already proposed the near- infinite speed of the electrostatic force, required for the force of gravity, but the electric force can either attract or repel, whereas gravity always attracts. The simple answer to this problem lies in the nature of electrostatic dipoles which, when free to move, always tend to align themselves so as to mutually attract. So gravity is the force due to the sum of all the instantaneous electrostatic dipolar forces between one massive body and another. Note that it has nothing to do with bulk charge separation, although an electrically charged body will exhibit a modified force of gravity. It is particularly noticeable that many physics textbooks deal only cursorily, if at all, with electric dipole theory. The subject has been left to chemists who deal with molecular dipole forces and who have noted the similarity to gravity. This oversight may be recognized in future as crucial failure of 20th century physics. The electrostatic dipole model of gravity explains why "G", the universal gravitational constant, is the most ill-determined physical constant of all. The simple answer is that "G" is neither constant nor universal! This fact can explain how electrical interactions between planets will create stable orbits in a very short period of time. It also acts to prevent direct impacts between massive bodies and facilitates the capture of satellites.

green apple saltwater – Green Apple saltwater taffy is a combination of tart, sweet, and, creamy flavors mixed with the fun of fall apple picking.

grep - A Unix command for searching files for lines matching a given regular expression (RE).  Named after the qed/ed editor subcommand "g/re/p", where re stands for a regular expression, to Globally search for the Regular Expression and Print the lines containing matches to it.  There are two other variants, fgrep which searches only for fixed strings and egrep which accepts extended REs but is usually the fastest of the three. Used by extension to mean "to look for something by pattern". When browsing through a large set of files, one may speak of "grepping around".  "Grep the bulletin board for the system backup schedule, would you?"  See also vgrep.

gripsuits- no dictionary online has a definition for this term. However, and example of a “white gripsuit” can be found here: http://www.786shop.com/detail-d.asp?Category=Dress-Party&Product_ID=D-za-Party96    }Pakistani dresses and clothes.

Guru -  (Sanskrit) Teacher, particularly a spiritual master.

H.

handle - (1) In many applications, when you select a graphical object, an outline of the object appears with small boxes. Each box is a handle. By dragging the handles, you can change the shape and size of the object. (2) In programming, a handle is a token, typically a pointer, that enables the program to access a resource, such as a library function. (3) When communicating via an online service, your handle is the name that you use to identify yourself. It could be your real name, a nickname, or a completely fictitious name

Hannya Shingyo -  (Japanese) Diamond Sutra. Main Buddhist sutra chanted by Zen practitioners.

harnel-miaznel –And in regard to the second primordial fundamental cosmic law, and, namely, the Sacred-Triamazikamno, common-cosmic objective science also formulates with the words: ‘“A new arising from the previously arisen through the ”Harnel-miaznel,” the process of which is actualized thus: the higher blends with the lower in order to actualize the middle and thus becomes either higher for the preceding lower, or lower for the succeeding higher; and as I already told you, this Sacred-Triamazikamno consists of three independent forces, which are called: the first, ‘Surp-Otheos’; the second, ‘Surp-Skiros’; the third,‘Surp-Athanotos’;which three holy forces of the sacred Triamazikamno the said science calls as follows: the first, the Affirming-force’ or the ‘Pushing-force’ or simply the ‘Force-plus’; the second, the ‘Denying-force’ or the ‘Resisting-force’or simply the ‘Force-minus’; and the third, the ‘Reconciling-force’ or the ‘Equili-brating-force’ or the ‘Neutralizing-force.’“.

haruspicators – possibly a neologism (of Fritz Leiber); compare: haruspex, n., a fortuneteller who used animal innards and lightning for her predictions.

hassock – n., A small stuffed cushion or footstool, for kneeling on in church, or for home use; thick cushion used as a seat. 2. Upholstered footstool large enough to be used as seating, often referred to as an ottoman. 3. A rank tuft of bog grass; a tussock.

Hatha Yoga -  (Sanskrit) yoga of physical exercises & breath control.

Hatto -  (Japanese) Dharma hall.

heartbeat - n. 1. The signal emitted by a Level 2 Ethernet transceiver at the end of every packet to show that the collision-detection circuit is still connected.

2. A periodic synchronization signal used by software or hardware, such as a bus clock or a periodic interrupt.  3. The `natural' oscillation frequency of a computer's clock crystal, before frequency division down to the machine's clock rate.  4. A signal emitted at regular intervals by software to demonstrate that it is still alive. Sometimes hardware is designed to reboot the machine if it stops hearing a heartbeat.  See also “breath-of-life packet”.

helkdonis – n., a “sacred substance”. Here http://willmesa.wordpress.com/2013/09/22/war-and-the-law-of-equili-bration-of-vibrations/   }is a good discussion of Helkdonis and Abrustdonis. There is also https://gurdjieffbooks.wordpress.com/tag/helkdonis/   }another good discussion here, which is closer to a definition for the term(s). He says, “This was known to the people of Atlantis, says Beelzebub. Atlantean males would gather in their temples for certain “mysteries” in the “special state” of self-remembering. There they would give themselves over to “active and conscious contemplation the whole time, and in this state performed these corresponding sacred mysteries, so that there should be transubstantiated in them the sacred substances Abrustdonis and Helkdonis.” (p. 1109) Thus they fulfilled two duties at once, the duties of perfecting their higher being-bodies and of serving the cosmic Trogoautoegocratic process (p. 1108). It would appear, although it is not explicitly stated, that Askokin, Abrustdonis and Helkdonis are elements of the active element Exioëhary which can be used both for continuation of the species and for self-perfecting (see pp. 277, 761 and 793). That is, self-remembering, conscious labor and intentional suffering, contemplation, normal use of the sex energy, the production of the soul and of the vessel of the soul (“Kesdjan” is said to mean “vessel of the soul”) and so immortality, are aspects of the one process, the “process of (our) existence” if lived consciously.”

hermeneutic – interpretive or explanatory. The term hermeneutics covers both the first order art and the second order theory of understanding and interpretation of linguistic and non-linguistic expressions. As a theory of interpretation, the hermeneutic tradition stretches all the way back to ancient Greek philosophy. In the course of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, hermeneutics emerges as a crucial branch of Biblical studies. Later on, it comes to include the study of ancient and classic cultures.

Hero - Anyone you gossip about.

Heruka – The heruka (Tib. ཧེ་རུ་ཀ་, Wyl. he ru ka) is another name for wrathful deity. In the Nyingma tradition the term is often used to refer specifically to Chemchok Heruka or Yangdak. According to a tantra:

He stands for great compassion.

Ru means the absence of gathering.

Ka means not abiding in anything whatsoever.

In the Zindri, Khenpo Ngakchung says that, according to Patrul Rinpoche, heruka means "one in whom absolute space (he) and primordial wisdom (ka) are united (ru)."^[2]  In the Nyingma tradition, it is used as a general name for (male) wrathful deities. In the sarma schools of Tibetan Buddhism, Kagyü, Sakya and Geluk, heruka generally refers to Chakrasamvara and other chief deities of the mandalas of the Mother Tantras. The term Heruka can also be used to denote a realized tantric practicioner.

Hevajra -  (Sanskrit) One of the Tantric texts of Tibetan Buddhism.

higher hydrogens – It is as if the human being has thousands upon thousands of energy stores, each tuned for a purpose, each charged with a potential which allows it to sound forth. Each human being is an instrument of concord and discord, consisting of thousands upon thousands of finely tuned circuits; each circuit with its own control of pitch and loudness, able to adjust its voice; in harmony or dissonance, in balance and accord, so that it becomes part of the great pattern which makes the individual; a whole spectrum of resonate frequencies which are vibrant with pulsating tension. Within our material, chemical make up we have an electrical existence which consists in reality of actual tuned circuits. 1. There is a varying amount of electrical tension between the inside and outside of each cell membrane, which is aobut 70 millivolts when at rest. The cell returns to this default state of -70 millivolts after electrical stimulation. So, this strongly stimulated cell  acts like a capacitor/inductor circuit; in other words, it pulsates like a special tuned circuit.  2. The atoms of most solids and liquids vibrate at just less than 300,000,000,000,000 Hz. The highest frequency of hydrogen is 3,281,810,000,000,000 Hz. (Johann Balmer, 1880, Switzerland). The series of frequencies emitted from hydrogen form a musical scale: 77/81, 60/64, 45/49, 32/36, 21/25, 12/16, 5/9 ; and it is an interesting series of ‘undertones’ (i.e. below the ‘fundamental’).  3. How many musical hydrogen atoms are in our bodies? We’re at least 50% water, a compound of hydrogen and oxygen; even the fat of our bodies has hydrogen atoms in it – so altogether we must made of quite a few hydrogen atoms giving out their very high frequency musical ‘scale’ !  All the other elements, gases, and compunds in our bodies, form an amazing, chemical ‘musical chord’or wave pattern. And there are many, many other tuned circuits, other than the chemical ones, which also comprise our bodies.

holism - The doctrine that wholes are more than the sum of their parts (cf. reductionism).

holon - A whole that can also be part of a larger whole. Holons are organized in multi-levelled nested hierarchies or holarchies. This term, due to Arthur Koestler, is equivalent in meaning to morphic unit.

holosphere - the totality of modes and forms of existence on Earth’s surface, whether living or not. In Quantavolution’s examination of the circumstances

surrounding the Exodus, evidence of extensive changes in the astrosphere, atmosphere,  geosphere,  biosphere,  ecosphere,  historisphere  and anthroposphere authorize the thesis that: “All spheres of existence change together by a mutual interaction in the mid-second-millennium,” or conversely, “No major quantavolution in any special sphere occurs independently of quantavolutions in other spheres.” The Exodus case represents the best studied and perhaps the most documented history of the times we have, and, viewing it, we can propose: “When all spheres are quantavoluting, then the whole world is involved and the cause is universal.” The forces at work are so strong and transactional that we may add an event to the workings of the Astrosphere: “There can be only one necessary  and  sufficient  cause  of  the  quantavolutions  of  the mid-second-millennium, and that must be a large-body encounter with Earth; by definition it was a cometary encounter, if a comet is considered as any substantial body pursuing an elliptical or changing orbit.” The challenge is to be phrased thus: “Nothing but a  god-like comet could have produced the quantavolutions of 3450 ± 60 B.P.”  Note that Venus is thought by some to be the “large body” rather than a different comet. That is, what is called the planet Venus was probably a comet first, which gradually settled into a stable orbit. The birth of Venus from Jupiter was already recorded in ancient Greek mythology.

Hondo -  (Japanese) Sanctuary.

hoyden – 1. used of boisterous girls: a carefree girl; a tomboy, a girl who behaves in a boyish manner. 2. a boisterous, carefree goat.

hummock - 1 knoll, mound, hillock, hammock -- a small natural hill.

Hypnagogic State - This is the state where a person is right on the brink between being awake and being asleep. It's often accompanied by sleep paralysis, and some believe it to be the state a person needs to be in to have out of body experiences.

Hypnopompic State - Similar to the Hypnagogic State, except where the Hypnagogic State happens while in the process of falling asleep, the Hypnopompic State happens while coming out of sleep.

hyparxis – n., (Greek) Essential nature; Neoplatonic term for the summit, beginning, or hierarch of a hierarchy. See also First Logos.  

Hypersonic Sounds - sounds above human hearing. while not audible to humans directly, can "affect the acoustic perception of audible sounds .. Psychological evaluation indicated that the subjects felt the sound containing an HFC to be more pleasant than the same sound lacking an HFC."

From : http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/83/6/3548 .

hyperspace -  /hi:'per-spays/ n. A memory location that is *far* away from where the program counter should be pointing, often inaccessible because it is not even mapped in.  "Another core dump --- looks like the program jumped off to hyperspace somehow."  (Compare “jump off into never-never land”.)  This usage is from the SF notion of a spaceship jumping `into hyperspace', that is, taking a shortcut through higher-dimensional space --- in other words, bypassing this universe.  The variant  `east hyperspace' is recorded among CMU and Bliss hackers.

hypostasis - n:  (metaphysics) 1. essential nature or underlying reality; 2. any of the three persons of the Godhead constituting the Trinity especially the person of Christ in which divine and human natures are united; 3. the accumulation of blood in an organ;  4. the suppression of a gene by the effect of an unrelated gene. 

Hypothalamus - The hypothalamus is generally very active in regulating our primary instincts and emotional responses. The instincts for basic survival, fight or flight, mating, eating, and drinking, are all regulated right here. It is very easy to evoke an intense rage or pleasure response by stimulating the hypothalamus.

I.

d’ici chacun a son denor – here everyone has their denor.

Ignis fatuus  - the Latin name for a will-'o-the-wisp, a type of illusory light reported by travelers around swamps, bogs, and marshes; atmospheric ghost lights seen by travelers at night, especially over bogs, swamps or marshes. It resembles a flickering lamp and is said to recede if approached, drawing travelers from the safe paths. The phenomenon is known by a variety of names, including jack-o'-lanterns, friars's lantern, hinkypunk, and hobby lantern in English folk belief, well attested in English folklore and in much of European folklore. Literally, fire fool.

image - James Hillman always spoke of the Greek gods as if they were present, not literal but real. Years ago I read Karl Kerenyi’s idea that religion begins in the atmosphere of a place or situation. An image, Hillman said,  is not an intellectual abstraction but a presence, again, one that is real but not literal. The Mona Lisa, Hamlet, and Sherlock Holmes have become so real in people’s imaginations that they relate to the figures as real presences, though they know they are fictions. Seeing the astrological conditions of an ordinary day may be another way of taking certain images seriously without turning them into abstract ideas or confusing them with actual persons.

Impressionism - An art movement founded in France in the last third of the 19th century. Impressionist artists sought to break up light into its component colors and render its ephemeral play on various objects. The artist's vision was intensely centered on light and the ways it transforms the visible world. This style of painting is characterized by short brush strokes of bright colors used to recreate visual impressions of the subject and to capture the light, climate and atmosphere of the subject at a specific moment in time. The chosen colors represent light which is broken down into its spectrum components and recombined by the eyes into another color when viewed at a distance (an optical mixture). The term was first used in 1874 by a journalist ridiculing a landscape by Monet called Impression - Sunrise.

Imprest – 1.  v. t. [ imp. & p. p. imprested; p. pr. & vb. n. impresting.] [pref. im- + prest: cf. it. imprestare. see prest, n.] to advance on loan. 2. a kind of earnest money; loan; -- specifically, money advanced for some public service, as in enlistment. the clearing of their imprests for what little of their debts they have received. <v. t. [ imp. & p. p.

imprested  -  p. pr. & vb. n. impresting.] [pref. im- + prest: cf. it. imprestare. see prest, n.]; and n. [cf. it. impresto, imprestito, ll. impraestitum. see imprest, v. t., and impress compulsion to serve.]

in camera – adv. a legal term that means in private; in the privacy of the judge’s chambers. The same meaning is sometimes expressed in the English equivalent, in chambers. <Latin “in chamber”.

indole - a white crystalline compound, CsH 2 N, having the same heterocyclic fused ring structure as the ammo acid tryptophane. The indole structure is incorporated into the structures of many hallucinogenic compounds.

infarct - An area of tissue that undergoes necrosis as a result of obstruction of local blood supply, as by a thrombus or an embolus. in·farct′ed adj. ;   ~anemic    infarct  - one due to sudden interruption of arterial circulation to the area. hemorrhagic infarct  - one that is red owing to oozing of erythrocytes into the injured area.

Infratonic Qui Gong Machine - The Infratonic QGM was developed out of scientific research in Beijing China which studied natural healers and found that most powerful healers were able to emit a strong infrasonic (low frequency sound) signal from their hands. The sound emitted from average individuals was only a hundredth as strong. The Infratonic, now used by 1% of all doctors in the United States, was developed out of this research.

inferolateral - [in′fərōlat′ərəl] pertaining to a location situated below and to the side. Both inferior and lateral. In anatomy, there are many such compound terms. Etymology: L, inferus, lower, latus, side.

information - To inform literally means to put into form or shape. Information is now generally taken to be the source of form or order in the world; information is informative and plays the role of a formative cause, as for example in the concept of "genetic information."

information theory -  A branch of cybernetics (q.v.) that attempts to define the amount of information required to control a process of given complexity. Information in this narrow technical sense is measured in bits. A bit is the amount of information required to specify one of two alternatives, for example to distinguish between 1 and 0 in the binary notation used in computers.

Inner magnetosphere--the region of the magnetosphere in which ions and electrons are relatively stably trapped. Approximately the region threaded by field lines which cross the equator within synchronous orbit, i.e. within 6.6 Earth radii.

in pace gaudeo – automated translator said, “upon pace to rejoice”, but we think it means, “upon peace to rejoice”, that is, “I rejoice in the peace”.

inshore - adj. 1. close or closer to the shore. 2. lying near the shore; operating or carried on close to the shore: inshore fishing. —adv. toward the shore: They went closer inshore. 

insolation - the solar energy received at the Earth's surface. Only a fraction of the insolation is absorbed, some of it reflects into space.

ionosphere - is a layer of ionized atmosphere beginning at an altitude of 35 to 56 miles above the Earth's surface. This layer is electrically conductive. Its altitude and density varies over the day. In theory there is no upper limit to the ionosphere, yet detection of its upper layers is accomplished only infrequently.

IP address - In the most widely installed level of the Internet Protocol (IP) today, an IP address is a 32-bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent in packets across the Internet. When you request an HTML page or send e-mail, the Internet Protocol part of TCP/IP includes your IP address in the message (actually, in each of the packets if more than one is required) and sends it to the IP address that is obtained by looking up the domain name in the Uniform Resource Locator you requested or in the e-mail address you're sending a note to. At the other end, the recipient can see the IP address of the Web page requestor or the e-mail sender and can respond by sending another message using the IP address it received. An IP address has two parts: the identifier of a particular network on the Internet and an identifier of the particular device (which can be a server or a workstation) within that network. Each octet from left to right on an IP address narrows the scope of what it's describing, so the last octet is what uniquely identifies a particular server.

iraniranumange  -  exchange of substances. Of course, there is a little more to it than that; for example, “And all the results of the ‘evolution’ and ‘involution’ of these active elements, actualizing the Trogoautoegocratic principle of existence of everything existing in the Universe by means of reciprocal feeding and maintaining each other’s existence, produce the said common-cosmic process ‘Iraniranumange,’ or, as I have already said, what objective science calls ‘common-cosmic-exchange-of-substances.’ “. Something of its relationship with ansanbaluiazar may be seen from this passage: “As for those particularities of the transformation of cosmic substances, thanks to which the continuation of the species of different beings at the present time proceeds differently, for the present I will say only this, that the cause depends on the place of concentration of the sacred Ashagiprotoëhary, i.e., on the place of concentration of those cosmic substances, which are the results of the last Stopinder in the common-cosmic Ansanbaluiazar.”.  [to distinguish iraniranumange from ansanbaluiazar]

ISM band - Radio bandwidth utilized in wireless transmissions.

J.

Jiroft Inscription - A five-nation team of linguists reported in 2005 that an inscription in elamit in the city of Jiroft, near the Halil Rud historical site is 300 years older than the parallels of the Susa civilization, and thus the most ancient writing discovered anywhere. Elamit has no modern descendants. Some 120 sites have been discovered in this region along the basin of the Halil Rud River and have been placed in the Third Millennium B.C. The inscribed brick was of a palace of an Elamit king and consists of a mere two lines of carving.

Julius Sextus Africanus - (fl. 3 rd century AD), born in Lybia, he lived in Emmaus and died in Jerusalem around 250 AD. He wrote Chronographiai, a history of the world in five volumes, from the Creation to the year 221 AD.

Jukai -  (Japanese) Precepts-taking ceremony.

just fifth, the – 3/2, or 3:2 (that is, a ratio). This interval is about 1.96 cents sharp of the keyboard’s octave plus a fifth. 3/2, the just fifth, is sharp to a keyboard  fith by this same amount. Therefore 1200 log2 3/2 ≈ 701.96 = the keyboard fifth of 700 cents + 1.96 cents.

Just Past Everything Is Itself Again – 1. The difficulty with change is that no matter how far you go you always end up no more than thought's breadth from where you started: this is Life’s ultimate safety net, and saves it from having to be on guard to retreat: if things go too far – they will end up back in their place of origin. 2. Nothing runs indefinitely, and what starts as change doesn’t end as change: it just keeps going until it is its own self again;

a reformed drunk isn’t changed – he is his self without the booze; the challenge for the man attempting to alter the operations of his consciousness is that it is both borderless like the Universe and singular like it as well; thus it is not possible to effect an internal alteration that can be objectively measured; ergo no one can know for a fact that another man has achieved.

K.

Kafiristan – (the former name of Nuristan ) historic region in eastern Afghanistan, about 5,000 square miles (13,000 square km) in area and comprising the upper valleys of the Alingar, Pich, and Landay Sind rivers and the intervening mountain ranges. Its northern boundary is the main range of the Hindu Kush, its eastern the Pakistani border, its southeastern the Konar (Kunar) Valley, and its western the mountain ranges above the Panjsher and Nejrab valleys. The region is mountainous, rainy, and forested. "The Man Who Would Be King" (1888) is a novella by Rudyard Kipling. It is about two British adventurers in British India who become kings of Kafiristan, a remote part of Afghanistan.

Kaphir - the name given to all foreigners of other faiths—and this includes all Europeans in general—who, according to the notions there, live like animals, without principles and without anything holy in them.

kara-kirghiz - Kirgiz, Kirghiz, Kara-Kyrgyz, Kirghizstan - The name qirqiz or kyrgyz dates back to the eighth century. The Kyrgyz people originated in the Siberian region of the Yenisey Valley and traveled to the area of modern-day Kyrgyzstan in response to pressure from the Mongols. The Kyrgyz people believe that their name means kirkkyz, (forty girls), and that they are descended from forty tribes. Today the majority of Kyrgyz people live in the Kyrgyz Republic, also known as Kyrgyzstan, but there are large populations living in China, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Kyrgyzstan was formerly the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, or Kirghizia. Kyrgyzstan has an area of 76,500 square miles (198,500 square kilometers). Its neighbors are China to the southeast, Kazakstan to the north, Tajikistan to the southwest, and Uzbekistan to the northwest. In addition, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan control two enclaves each within Kyrgyzstan's borders in the southern part of the country. Ninety-four percent of the land is mountainous, and only 20 percent of the land is arable. The valleys are densely populated along the few paved roads. In 1998 the population of Kyrgyzstan was estimated at more than 4.5 million. Approximately 52.4 percent of the inhabitants are ethnically Kyrgyz. Ethnic Russians (22.5 percent) and Uzbeks (12.6 percent) make up the largest minorities. Many smaller groups, including Ukrainians, Germans, Dungans, Kazaks, Tajiks, Uighours, Koreans, and Chinese, make up the remainder. Many Kyrgyzstan-born Germans and Russians emigrated after the fall of the Soviet Union, but due to government efforts, Russian emigration has slowed. yrgyz is a Turkic language, most closely related to Kazak. Kyrgyz is mutually intelligible with both Kazak and Uzbek. Northern pronunciation varies from southern and has more Russian loanwords. Many Uzbek loanwords are used in the south. Kyrgyz was originally written in Arabic script, but Soviet policy changed its alphabet first to Latin and then to a modified Cyrillic. After independence the Kyrgyz government discussed returning to the Latin alphabet, but this transition has not taken place. In 2000 Russian was adopted as an official national language. It is still commonly used as the language of business, and many ethnic Russians cannot speak Kyrgyz. All children study Kyrgyz, Russian, and English in school.

kash garia – 1. in 1759, the Qing conquered the Kashgaria oasis towns to the south of the ianshan Mountains, in which the urkic- speaking Muslims (today’s Uyghurs) lived. Te Qing northwestern territory, obtained through a series of military campaigns in the middle of the eighteenth century, came to be called Xinjiang (Ma. ice jecen), or“New Dominion.” 2. Kash-garia, for long a vassal of the Zungars, was annexed in 1759 under the name of Sin-kiang or New Territory. Thus the whole of Upper Asia had come under Chinese authority. 3. A vast number of Muslim refugees from Shaanxi fled to Gansu. Some of them formed the "Eighteen Great Battalions" in eastern Gansu, intending to fight their way back to their homes in Shaanxi. While the Hui rebels took over Gansu and Shaanxi, Yaqub Beg, who had fled from Kokand Khanate in 1865 or 1866 after losing Tashkent to the Russians, declared himself ruler of Kashgar and soon managed to take complete control of Xinjiang.

kernel - The central module of an operating system. It is the part of the operating system that loads first, and it remains in main memory. Because it stays in memory, it is important for the kernel to be as small as possible while still providing all the essential services required by other parts of the operating system and applications. Typically, the kernel is responsible for memory management, process and task management, and disk management.

keriya – 1. The Keriya River is a river in the province of Xinjiang in China. It flows for 322 mi from the Kunlun Shan mountain range north into the endorheic (An endorheic basin (from the Ancient Greek: ἔνδον, éndon, "within" and ῥεῖν, rheîn, "to flow") is a closed drainage basin that retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water, such as rivers or oceans, but converges instead into lakes or swamps, permanent or seasonal, that equilibrate through evaporation) Tarim Basin, but is lost in the desert several hundred miles south of the Tarim River. The only major settlement along the river is Keriya Town, east of Hotan. The river is an important source of irrigation water and also supplies historically important oases along its course. Its drainage basin covers about 2,841 sq mi.^[1]

keschapmartnian – "On the planet Earth, as on other planets of our Universe where 'keschapmartnian' beings breed and exist—that is, three-brained beings in whom the formation of the sacred exioëhary for the creation of a new being must take place exclusively in the presences of two beings of distinct, in-dependent sexes—the fundamental difference between the sacred exioëhary formed in the presences of beings of opposite sexes, that is, in men and women, consists in this, that in the exioëhary formed in the presences of beings of the male sex, the localized 'holy affirming' or 'positive' force of the sacred Triamazikamno participates, while in the exioëhary formed in beings of the female sex there participates the localized 'holy denying' or 'negative' force of the same sacred law. "Thanks to the all-gracious foresight and command of our Father of everything existing in the Universe, and in accordance with the actualizing power of Great Mother Nature, in certain surrounding conditions and with the participation of the third separately localized holy force of the sacred Triamazikamno, namely, with the 'holy reconciling' force, the blending of the exioëhary formed in two separate beings of distinct, independent sexes during the process of the sacred 'elmooarno' taking place between them brings about

the arising of a new being.

Khawaja or Khwaja (Persian: خواجه‎ khvājeh, Arabic: خواجة‎ khawājah, Turkish: haja) - a title used in the Middle East, South Asia, and Central Asia. It means Master, Lord, the title is also closely related to other terms in Sufism. The spellings Hodja or Hoca (Turkish), Hodža (Bosnian), Hoxha (Albanian), Hodža (Slovak), Hotzakis (Greek), and Al-Khawaja^[1] are also used.

Khorasan – 1. Greater Khorasan, a historic region which lies mostly in parts of modern-day Iran, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. It was previously known as Parthia; later, during the Sassanid era, it was changed to Khorasan. 2.Khorasan Province, a pre-2004 province of Iran, subsequently divided into: North, South, and Razavi Khorasan;  3.Khorasan, Kurdistan, a village in Kurdistan Province, Iran  4. Khorosan, alternate name of Sain Qaleh, Iran.

kimberlite – Recently various theories have been offered to explain the mysterious kimberlite tubes of South Africa and similar tubes in Utah. The former are like fulgurites and are found near the great diamond fields. Probably the same electrical flows that dug the kimberlites produced the diamonds. Whether this should be called "slow lightning," and discussed in the preceding chapter, or should be discussed here is perhaps immaterial at this stage of research. The Moses Rock dike of Utah is about 4 miles long at the surface, in the shape of a hook, and about 1000 feet wide. It was forced up from possibly 124 miles below the surface.

KISS Principle - /kis' prin'si-pl/ n. "Keep It Simple, Stupid". A maxim often invoked when discussing design to fend off  “creeping featurism “ and control development complexity. Possibly related to the  “marketroid “ maxim on sales presentations, "Keep It Short and Simple".

kundabuffer – “To mention one example only, I would say that his doctrine of Original Sin, expressed in the myth of the organ Kundabuffer, is more profoundly satisfying than anything to be found in the theologies of the East or the West. This recalls the avowed purpose of Beelzebub’s Tales to His Grandson, namely: To destroy, mercilessly, without any compromises whatsoever, in the mentation and feelings of the reader, the beliefs and views, by centuries rooted in him, about everything existing in the world.¹⁵ “ – Gurdjieff’s All and Everything, A Study by J.G. Bennett.

kvetch – (Yiddish) 1. To complain.  2. a constant complainer.  3. a nagging complaint. 4. Person who finds fault with anything. 5. To whine or complain, often needlessly.   <From Yiddish קוועטשן (kvetshn) to squeeze, complain; from German Quetsche ("crusher, presser"), from from Middle High German quetzen, quetschen, to squeeze, crush, or press.

L.

Lagrangian point  -  in a three-body system the orbits can be computed if one of three bodies is negligibly tiny - in such a case the motion of the minuscule third body does not disturb the two primary bodies. Lagrange showed that for such a "restricted system of three bodies" there existed several points, co-rotating with the motion of the primary pair, where the third body could be trapped. The L1 point is one of these points; it lies between the two primary bodies.

Language -  1. In part, language is used to assign blame; if the city had a working motto it could be: “Somebody’s To Blame” – someone has to be responsible for this (whatever this at the moment happens to be).  2. Language is arranged to accommodate consciousness, and Life’s needs are the grammatical structure for all that humans say. Sentence structure is man’s nervous system taking on form in the apparent out-there; among ordinary people, words are unanalytically taken to be things that somehow exist apart from the men who mouthed them (at least in many significant instances). 3. In this rhetorical system, consciousness must consider itself a noun (the subject) or man could not perceive a distinction between his mental in-here and the out-there; the Equation (I + Not-I = Everything) would implode and consciousness could no longer function as a practical weapon in the struggle to survive; man would be unable to mentally discern between his self and others in an intangible sense and could thus not properly lay-the-blame where it belongs - - - -- on others. Subjects exist in language to express something about action – not vice versa as routine consciousness would have it – but if there is no actual subject (which from the rebel’s view there is not) then there is no one TO blame, for action itself cannot be responsible for its acts; the act of your car hitting mine is not what is at fault, but rather you were the fault – you the driver. 4. When you are ready to assign blame there are two choices: either them or you, (your consciousness, that is) and it has no nature for selecting itself for the distinction: Life did not get where it is today (that is: still here) by blaming itself, and any time a man has the twin choices available, he too has no inclination to accept any blame that insists on finding a home. 5. When you amputate the noun as the source of blame, as the author of your mistreatment – you cease to be mistreated (“I can accept the hurricanes, but not the realtor who sold me this place and never mentioned their likelihood”). 6. In its language, Life uses man’s speech as a modifier; his consciousness is a qualifier: it does not actually create intangible goods, but modifies them; the Yellow Circuit didn’t actually invent religion, fear in the Red Circuit was its mother, Yellow just hung the words on it. 7. To be a normal person you must perceive no simple nouns nor people; only he who understands what is going on might visually qualify as a simple noun, and internally, in private, as a super complex verb.

lanthorns-  n. an archaic word for lantern. Examples: “A great many private chairs are also kept among the nobility and gentry; and at night these are trotted to and fro in all directions, preceded by bearers of great lanthorns, made of linen stretched upon a frame.” Pictures from Italy; “lanthorns as well as candlesticks; others a spinning-wheel for the good wife, when she "keepit close the house and birlit at the wheel.” Customs and Fashions in Old New England; “And behold, there appeared cressets and lanthorns and flambeaux and up came the army of women.” The Book of The Thousand Nights And A Night. <1580–90; alteration by folk etymology (lanterns formerly had reflectors made of translucent sheets of horn).

larva  --  Among invertebrates, an immature stage in the life cycle which usually is much smaller than, and morphologically different from, the

adult. In insects with metamorphosis, the larva must become a pupa before reaching adulthood.

Latent Image - Image recorded on film that is made visible by development.

lea- n., 1. a unit of length of thread or yarn; 2. a field covered with grass or herbage and suitable for grazing by livestock; 3. A female given name (rare: 1 in 5882 females; popularity rank in the U.S.: #665); 4. A surname (rare: 1 in 33333 families; popularity rank in the U.S.: #3529). < Old English leah "open field, meadow, piece of untilled ground," earlier læch, recorded in place names, from Proto-Germanic *laukhaz (cf. Old High German loh "cluster of bushes," and probably also Flemish -loo, which forms the second element in Waterloo), from PIE *louquo- (cf. Sanskrit lokah "open space," Latin lucus "grove," Lithuanian laukas "open field"), perhaps from or related to *leuk- "to shine, be bright" (see light (n.)).

Lentrohamsinin – Tutors were imported from many different countries, particularly Egypt (renowned for its material prosperity) and Lentrohamsanin thus received a great deal of information, knowledge by means of which he could have obtained some objective reason. But a spoilt "Papa's-and-Mama's darling", he had made no corresponding being efforts in regard to this information and became, therefore, a "very great learned being" or a completely egoistic, automatic, "double-gravity-centered" manifestation. On reaching responsible age, vain and proud, he longed for universal recognition and after much thought decided the only way he could be assured of this was to invent a completely new and original theory to be inscribed on the biggest Kashireitleer the world had ever seen. He first, therefore, set his slaves to produce this Kashireitleer from one hundred buffalo hides joined together and he settled down to dream up his invention. This conscienceless invention was to become the chief cause of the final destruction of all the Very Saintly Labours of the Essence-loving Ashiata Shiemash. 'l'he opening paragraph read: "mans greatest happiness consists in not being dependent on any other personality whatsoever, and in being free from the influence of any other person, whoever he may be!". He further argued that whilst life under the present state organisation was preferable to that of former times, where was the freedom? All had to work for their bread. Of the other worlds where, as taught by the leaders, the souls of men who had lived worthily were to find bliss - let them prove it. Since they could not then men should demand freedom - freedom from the need to work, freedom to be happy, freedom to chose their own leaders. For this the first requirement was to destroy completely the old and then set up, on the simple basis of open ballot, Equal Rights for All. He held an enormous banquet where the paper was read and within a very short while the country divided into two mutually opposing parties. Next came civil war and, Lentrohamsanin's invention triumphant, Nievia became a "Republic".  In the name of this great truth Nievia next waged war on the neighbouring communities, to impose this state-organisation, thus finally destroying the beneficent forms of ordinary existence foreseen by the Reason of the Most Very Saintly Ashiata Shiemash,  Lentrohamsanin later became one of the three hundred and thirteen "Eternal-Hasnamuss individuals" whose place of existence is the planet "Eternal-Retribution".

leptosome – 1. n. an ectomorphic individual. 2. adj. asthenic; ectomorphic.

leshy - The Leshy or Lesovik is a male woodland spirit in Slavic mythology who protects wild animals and forests. There are also leshachikha/leszachka (wives of the leshak) andleshonky (children of the leszy). He is roughly analogous to the Woodwose of Western Europe and the Basajaun of the Basque Country. The Leshy is known by a variety of names and spellings including Lesiy, Leshii, Leszi, Lesovik, etc. Main name forms: * Lleshi , * Leshy * Lesovik * Lesovy * Lesny muzhik/ded , meaning forest man or old forest man.

lexer - /lek'sr/ n. Common hacker shorthand for `lexical analyzer', the input-tokenizing stage in the parser for a language (the part that breaks it into word-like pieces).  "Some C lexers get confused by the old-style compound ops like `=-'."

liefer – 1. adj. comparative form of lief: more lief.  2. adv. (as lief) archaic: As happily; as gladly: he would just as lief eat a pincushion . Old English lēof 'dear, pleasant', of Germanic origin: related to leave2 and love.

limma – n. 1. Any of several small musical intervals, such as the semitone.   2. In the Pythagorean system of music, the smaller half-step or semitone, being the remnant of a perfect fourth after subtracting from it two whole steps or “tones”: . A limma and an apotome together made a “tone”: . Also called Pythagorean semitone or hemitone.  3.  In prosody, a monosemic empty time or pause; a time equal to one mora or semeion, existing in the rhythm, but not expressed by a syllable in the words.

linguistics - science whose object is the study of language and of languages. Given the many forays into linguistics, opened up by Hugh Crostwhaite,

that the theory of quantavolution requires, even more than do the ordinary classical historical accounts, it may be useful for the general reader to have a reminder of some features of Latin, Greek and Semitic languages: Final ‘s’ may be a nominative singular ending in Latin and Greek. For our purpose the important part of, say, logos is simply log-, or even lg. Greek u can be transliterated as either u or y. P and f, b and v, may be interchanged [vide Grimm's Law]. Latin and Greek verbs often appear ending in o, e.g. audio, I hear, but an infinitive may be quoted, ending in -re, or -ein, e.g. audire, to hear, airein, to

raise. In Hebrew, the endings -im and -oth indicate the plural, e.g. othoth, signs, mayim, waters. The letter c is pronounced in English sometimes like a k, sometimes like an s. This occurs also in Etruscan. The Greek letter kappa is sometimes transliterated as ‘k’, sometimes as ‘c’.  The Slavonic hard L sounds more like a ‘w’.  The Greek ending -eus, as in basileus, king, has a nasalised sound approaching n, as in modern Polish. The Latin present participle ends in

-ens, e.g. regens, ruling, stem regent-, and in the case of a typical Greek verb, luo, I release, it is luon, stem luont-, so that the name of the Greek king Tereus can mean 'observing', or 'the observing one'. Zenos is a form of the genitive singular, meaning 'of Zeus'. The Semitic q is pronounced farther back than the English k. It was sometimes replaced by g in Latin and Greek, e.g. Hebrew qol, voice, Greek logos, word. Z can be ts, ds, sd or st, as in Hebrew zayin, the letter z, a weapon, Set's eye [ayin = eye]. Onomatopoeia played a part. The rise and fall of the sound ‘iaaooei’ imitates the sound made by the wind, and perhaps by an ark. The sound of the name Set, and of the Egyptian tcham, sceptre, suggests a spark. There are four or five words or roots that stand out for frequency of occurrence and as the keys to many important words. Ar: Etruscan for electrical fire, as in arseverse, 'turn aside the fire', a prayer to Sethlans which one might describe as a lightening conductor. Cf. arca, chest; har, mountain [where the fire often appeared]; haram, pyramid [fire collector]. Sanskrit aras means 'swift'. Ka: Egyptian for the double. Cf. Hebrew qadhosh, holy; Greek kairos, success in raising the ka; Latin caput, head, source of ka. Set: the Greek Typhon. Cf. Greek stephanos, crown, Set appearing; Etruscan zichne, Set's footprints, marks, e.g. writing. El, Al: Semitic for 'above', implying 'the god above'. Cf. elektron, amber, el ek thronou, god out of the seat. Is, in-, force or presence, is a Greek word that could be used in periphrasis when talking about a person, just like kara, 'head'. "Greetings, Oedipus!" might be expressed as "Greetings, head of Oedipus!"  Latin cortina, cauldron, is 'power of the horns', in-, and kerata, horns. Cauldrons could be decorated with bulls' heads, and the one at Delos mooed, "...mugire adytis cortina reclusis," Aeneid III:92. In Hebrew, a short unstressed vowel, a ‘shewa’, is often sounded between two consonants for ease of pronunciation. The Greek stephanos, crown, is

an example. It starts life as ‘setephanos’, Set revealing, or Set appearing, and ends up as ‘stephanos’. Metathesis, as in the Greek kratos or kartos, power, can be explained in this way.

little-endian - adj. Describes a computer architecture in which, within a given 16- or 32-bit word, bytes at lower addresses have lower significance (the word is stored `little-end-first').  The PDP-11 and VAX families of computers and Intel microprocessors and a lot of communications and networking hardware are little-endian. See “big-endian”, “middle-endian”, “NUXI problem”.  The term is sometimes used to describe the ordering of units other than bytes; most often, bits within a byte

littoral – 1. of or pertaining to a shore, as of the sea. 2. The region of a body of water extending from shoreline outward to the greatest depth occupied by rooted aquatic plants. 3. the shore area between the mean low and high tide levels. Water zones in this area include the littoral pelagic zone and the littoral benthic zone. 4. Associated with or appurtenant to shorelands of tidal waters. As used herein, the term "littoral" is included in the term "riparian." These two terms are often used synonymously.

logarithmic - A non-linear relationship where one item is proportional to the logarithm of the other item. So for a logarithmic fade in, the curve becomes "flatter" with time; a logarithmic fade-out becomes "steeper" with time. Some measures, such as dB, are logarithmic by definition. See also Exponential.

logical - [from the technical term `logical device', wherein a physical device is referred to by an arbitrary `logical' name] adj. Having the role of.  If a person (say, Les Earnest at SAIL) who had long held a certain post left and were replaced, the replacement would for a while be known as the `logical' Les

Earnest.  (This does not imply any judgment on the replacement.) Compare “virtual”. At Stanford, `logical' compass directions denote a coordinate

system in which `logical north' is toward San Francisco, `logical west' is toward the ocean, etc., even though logical north varies between physical (true) north near San Francisco and physical west near San Jose.  (The best rule of thumb here is that, by definition, El Camino Real always runs logical north-and-south.) In giving directions, one might say: "To get to Rincon Tarasco restaurant, get onto “El Camino Bignum” going logical north." Using the word `logical' helps to prevent the recipient from worrying about that the fact that the sun is setting almost directly in front of him.  The concept is reinforced by North American highways which are almost, but not quite, consistently labeled with logical rather than physical directions.  A similar situation exists at MIT: Route 128 (famous for the electronics industry that has grown up along it) is a 3-quarters circle surrounding Boston at a radius of 10 miles, terminating near the

coastline at each end.  It would be most precise to describe the two directions along this highway as `clockwise' and `counterclockwise', but the road signs all say "north" and "south", respectively.  A hacker might describe these directions as `logical north' and `logical south', to indicate that they are conventional directions not corresponding to the usual denotation for those words.  (If you went logical south along the entire length of route 128, you would start out going northwest, curve around to the south, and finish headed due east, passing along one infamous stretch of pavement that is simultaneously route 128

south and Interstate 93 north, and is signed as such!)

loudening – 1. verb:  become louder ("The room loudened considerably" 2. verb:  cause to become loud. 3.  A surname (rare: 1 in 100000 families; popularity rank in the U.S.: #13229)

luminosity - total quantity of energy radiated by a star in one unit of time. The luminosity of a star is a measure of its energy output; it can be known directly, as opposed to inferred, only if the star's distance can be measured. It depends upon the area of the star's surface (opaque radiating layer of gases) and upon the fourth power of its surface temperature.

M.

“maine chance” – 1. A grand opening celebration for the University of Kentucky's (UK) Equine Reproduction Facilities was held Feb. 2 at UK's Maine Chance Equine Campus. Link: Reproduction Facility Open at UK Maine Chance Equine Campus ...  2. Maine Chance Farm was an American Thoroughbred horse racing stable in Lexington, Kentucky owned by cosmetics tycoon, Elizabeth Arden. 3. Elizabeth Arden’s Maine Chance Spa up for sale. The estate was central to both the local economy and the development of the beauty industry. 4. Maine Chance's (Kentucky) legendary history in the production of many champion racehorses and five consecutive breeder's championship titles (1997 to 2002) is a testament to the founders, Mr Godfrey Gird and Mr Graham Beck. It is an honour to have the legacy entrusted to us for the future.  5. The historic Maine Chance Lodge located in Rome, Maine, will become a retreat for combat wounded, disabled veterans and their families.  6. Kennebec Quinella of Maine Chance... ...Is a brown patched classic tabby with white maine coon cat female born on June 11, 2007.

mandrill – n. Mandrillus sphinx - baboon of west Africa with a bright red and blue muzzle and blue hindquarters.

Magic Window - Frequencies which (according to Thomas E. Bearden) are especially suited for coupling to and bringing energies from other dimensions. [EX via MM] Another source seems to imply such frequencies could be used to communicate from one dimension to another. (As you can see - this is kind of venturing into the realm of new-agey pseudo-science, but I wouldn't rule it out for that reason alone - much of what we take for granted today in science was seen as pseudo-scientific at one point.) The range of frequencies that most of these magic windows fall under are well above human hearing - more than likely, they are intended to be 'accessed' using electromagnetic means (a device that creates an EM field). Although, if you're up for a challenge, you could try lowering the octave of these frequencies (i.e. dividing the number by two) until you reach a point where you're in the range of audible sound, and then try plugging that frequency into a sound generator.

maquette – n. In sculpture, a small model in wax, card, wire, or clay, made as a preliminary sketch, presented to the client for approval of the proposed work, or for entry in a competition. The Italian equivalent of the term is bozzetto, meaning small sketch; a basic sculpted model used to determine the final pose and detailing for a master sculpture, usually done on a much larger scale and in a more permanent material. Maquettes are also used in the conceptual design stage of movie preproduction. 2. a miniature model of a theater set, of a building, of an architectural ensemble. 3. a sculpture of a character, alien or creature that is used to help the designers and the director refine their vision.

mangy – (of rations) 1. adj. Shabby; worn-out; seedy; run-down; squalid; as, a mangy old coat; a mangy tavern. 2. having many worn or threadbare spots in the nap; "a mangy carpet"; "a mangy old fur coat".

Mar Saloman (Nestorian Archimandrite of 13^th c.) – A collection of legends, well known in Armenian and Syrian circles with the title of The Bees, was revised by Mar Salamon, a Nestorian Archimandrite in the thirteenth century. The Bees refers to a mysterious power transmitted from the time of Zoroaster and made manifest in the time of Christ.

martingale - A martingale is any of several designs of tack that are used on horses to control head carriage. Martingales may be seen in a wide variety of equestrian disciplines, both riding and driving. Rules for their use vary widely; in some disciplines they are never used, others allow them for schooling but not in judged performance, and some organizations allow certain designs in competition. The two most common types of martingale, the standing and the running, are used to control the horse's head height, and to prevent the horse from throwing its head so high that the rider gets hit in the face by the horse's poll or upper neck. When a horse's head gets above a desired height, the martingale places pressure on the head so that it becomes more difficult or impossible to raise it higher.

medlar-apple – the nespola trees (English: medlar apple) – Mespilus germanica. Some families we visited picked and stored them and served them as an after dinner treat. Once softening begins the skin rapidly takes a wrinkled texture and turns dark brown, and the inside reduces to the consistency and flavour reminiscent of apple sauce.” While sounding tasty, the medlar presents a confusing dilemma: it looks like it’s rotten when it’s best to eat! In fact, throughout history, the symbolism of the medlar has been associated with the tawdry side of life: rotten things or affairs, destitution, prostitution and wanton ways. Poor fruit.

meiosis — 1. reduction division of a cell in which the number of chromosomes is reduced from the diploid (2n) to the haploid (n) state. Meiosis produces sexual cells or gametes. 2. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms. In  meiosis, a diploid cell divides to produce four haploid cells, each with half the original chromosome content. For this reason, meiosis is often called a "reduction division". In organisms with a diploid life cycles, the products of meiosis are usually called gametes. In organisms with an alternation of generations, the products of meiosis are called spores.

megrims – /ˈmēɡrim/  1. similar to the vapours. Need to go and lie down for an hour.  2.  a state of depression; "he had a bad case of the blues". 3.  A whim or fancy.  4. old-fashioned term for migraine.

mews – 1. An alley where there are stables; a narrow passage; a confined place. 2. Indoor quarters for keeping birds of prey (from the French 'Muer' - to moult). 3. an outdoor facility for housing raptors; main living area for a falconer’s bird.  <Mew comes from the Latin mutare, meaning '˜to change' and the mews were the place in London where the king's hawks were at one time confined while they molted or changed. The royal stables then replaced the hawk's lair and thereafter any lane or open area where a group of stables was situated was referred to as a mews.

middle-endian - adj. Not big-endian or little-endian. Used of perverse byte orders such as 3-4-1-2 or 2-1-4-3, occasionally found in the packed-decimal formats of minicomputer manufacturers who shall remain nameless.  See “NUXI problem”.

milliliter (abbr. ml.) — one-thousandth part of a liter. 1 ml. = 1 cubic centimeter.

mind – Consciousness is not yours. You did not make it. It does not work for you. You have extremely little control over your thoughts. This bothers some people, but they don’t know why. A few people are born with the capacity to actually see that what they think is not really them — and from time to time it really pisses them off. The only natural physical relief you can get from your thinking is really good sex or to run to exhaustion. The unnatural escapes are:
booze ( to shut it down), drugs ( exchanging gears in the machine) and, Believe it or not, intense intellectual study, wherein you attempt to replace these thoughts with the thoughts of others.

mise-en-scene - The arrangement of everything that appears in the framing – actors, lighting, décor, props, costume – is called mise-en-scène, a French term that means “placing on stage.” The frame and camerawork also constitute the mise-en-scène of a movie.  Mise-en-scène isn't a production term. Directors don't walk around saying “Let's create an elaborate mise-en-scène.” Not at all. From the craftsman that builds fake bookcases to the cinematographer that chooses where the lights will go, the mise-en-scène is the result of the collaboration of many professionals. Thus in the production environment, the director is more specific with his requests and orders. Is he trying to talk to the prop master, the set designer, the actors, the make-up artists? All of them are part of different departments. But all of them, in the end, have influence in the mise-en-scène. In the academic realm, the term mise-en-scène is always invoked when the overall look and feel of a movie is under discussion. Students taking Film Analysis should be quite familiar with the term.

memorial generations - is the difference in years between a youngest listening child and the oldest storytellers of a society. Here we assign this interval a value of 50 years.

memsahib – /ˈmemˌsä(h)ib/ /-ˌsäb/ noun; Indian, dated;  A married white or upper-class woman (often used as a respectful form of address by nonwhites).

From mem (representing an Indian pronunciation of ma'am) + sahib.

Meme -  1. Self-reproducing idea or other information pattern which is propagated in ways similar to that of a gene. 2. Richard Dawkins, defines it as "a unit of cultural inheritance, hypothesized as analogous to the particulate gene and as naturally selected by virtue of its 'phenotypic' consequences on its own survival and replication in the cultural environment."

Meshed – also Mashhad (Persian: مشهد Mashhad, Arabic: مشهد Mašhad‎, English: The Place of Martyrdom), is the second largest city in Iran and one of the holiest cities in the Shia Muslim world. It is also the only major Iranian city with an Arabic name. It is located 850 kilometres (530 mi) east of Tehran, at the center of the Razavi Khorasan Province close to the borders of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. Its population was 2,427,316 at the 2006 population census. It was a major oasis along the ancient Silk Road connecting with Merv in the East. Now Mashhad is notably known as the resting place of the Imam Reza. A shrine was later built there to commemorate the Imam, which in turn gave rise to increasing demographic development. Mashhad is also known as the city of Ferdowsi, the Iranian poet of Shahnameh, which is considered to be the national epic of Iran.

mignon (french) –mignon n.m.,f. –onne: minion n. mignon adj. [miñɔ̃] –onne: 1.charming adj.; 2.cute adj. <Mignon \Mi"gnon\, v. t.: To flatter. [R. & Obs.] --Daniel [1913] Webster< "delicately formed," 1550s, French, lit. "delicate, charming, pretty;" see minion.

mimetic – The adj mimetic has 2 senses: 1. mimetic -- (characterized by or of the nature of or using mimesis; "a mimetic dance"; "the mimetic presentation of images"). 2. mimetic -- (exhibiting mimicry; "mimetic coloring of a butterfly"; "the mimetic tendency of infancy"- R.W.Hamilton).

module – 1. In software, a module is a part of a program. Programs are composed of one or more independently developed modules that are not combined until the program is linked. A single module can contain one or several routines.  2. In hardware, a module is a self-contained component.

monkey puzzle tree – Monkey puzzle trees are highly distinctive, with mature trees possessing a tall, straight trunks and an umbrella of branches at the crown. Young monkey puzzles have a ‘christmas tree’ shape, with branches on the lower parts of the trunk which are later shed. The smooth bark is greyish-brown in colour and can be up to 3 ⁵⁄₃₂ inches thick. The horizontal branches emerge from the trunk in whorls of three to eight and the tree is covered in scale-like leaves all year round. These trees are mainly dioecious; different trees bear flowers of different sexes.

Mohorovicic discontinuity - the junction which separates the Earth's crust and mantle. Its depth is about 6 and 1/5th miles below the ocean basin.

Mongolian Hordes technique -  [poss. from the Sixties counterculture expression `Mongolian clusterfuck' for a public orgy] n. Development by {gang bang}.  Implies that large numbers of inexperienced programmers are being put on a job better performed by a few skilled ones.  Also called `Chinese Army technique'; see also Brooks's Law.

morphic field -  A field within and around a morphic unit which organizes its characteristic structure and pattern of activity. Morphic fields underlie the form and behaviour of holons or morphic units at all levels of complexity. The term morphic field includes morphogenetic, behavioural, social, cultural, and mental fields. Morphic fields are shaped and stabilized by morphic resonance from previous similar morphic units, which were under the influence of fields of the same kind. They consequently contain a kind of cumulative memory and tend to become increasingly habitual.

morphic resonance -The influence of previous structures of activity on subsequent similar structures of activity organized by morphic fields. Through morphic resonance, formative causal influences pass through or across both space and time, and these influences are assumed not to fall off with distance in space or time, but they come only from the past. The greater the degree of similarity, the greater the influence of morphic resonance. In general, morphic units closely resemble themselves in the past and are subject to self-resonance from their own past states.

morphogenesis -  The coming into being of form.

morphogenetic fields - Fields that play a causal role in morphogenesis. This term, first proposed in the 1920s, is now widely used by developmental biologists, but the nature of morphogenetic fields has remained obscure. On the hypothesis of formative causation, they are regarded as morphic fields stabilized by morphic resonance.

Mount Djadjur – a mountain in Armenia, NNE of Gyumri. Today, it may have a different name. The modern city or town near where Mount Djadjur should be on the maps, is called Jajur.

mouse around -  vi. To explore public portions of a large system, esp. a network such as Internet via FTP or TELNET, looking for interesting stuff to snarf (see below).

moushtaid – example: ‘One hears a deal, in Europe, of the beauty of the Circassian and Georgian women. Although I remained in Tiflis over a week, I did not see a single pretty woman among the natives. As in every Russian town, however, the "Moushtaïd," or "Bois de Boulogne" of Tiflis, was daily, the theatre nightly, crowded with pretty faces of the dark-eyed, oval-faced Russian type. The new opera-house, a handsome building near the governor's palace, is not yet completed.’

N.

Nanapheresis - in medical nanorobotics, the removal of bloodborne medical nanorobots from the body using aphersis-like processes.

Nanomedicine - (1) the comprehensive monitoring, control, construction, repair, defense, and improvement of all human biological systems, working from the molecular level, using engineered nanodevices and nanostructures; (2) the science and technology of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease and traumatic injury, of relieving pain, and of preserving and improving human health, using molecular tools and molecular knowledge of the human body; (3) the employment of molecular machine systems to address medical problems, using molecular knowledge to maintain and improve human health at the molecular scale. M.Alan Kazlev, et al.

Neoclassicism - A European style of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Its elegant, balanced works revived the order and harmony of ancient Greek and Roman art. David and Canova are examples of neoclassicists.

Nestorian Christians – Nestorianism - the theological doctrine (named after Nestorius) that Christ is both the son of God and the man Jesus (which is opposed to Roman Catholic doctrine that Christ is fully God).

Nestorius - Syrian who was a Christian bishop and Patriarch of Constantinople in the early fifth century; one of the major heresies concerning the doctrine of the hypostasis of Christ was named after him (died in 451).

Network - In information technology, a network is a series of points or nodes interconnected by communication paths. Networks can interconnect with other networks and contain subnetworks.

Neuroscience - We propose a new approach to the neuroscience of consciousness, growing out of the ‘enactive’ viewpoint in cognitive science. This approach aims to map the neural substrates of consciousness at the level of large-scale, emergent and transient dynamical patterns of brain activity (rather than at the level of particular circuits or classes of neurons), and it suggests that the processes crucial for consciousness cut across the brain–body–world

divisions, rather than being brain-bound neural events.   1.  Cognitive neuroscience now leaves little doubt that specific cognitive acts require the transient

integration of numerous, widely distributed, constantly interacting areas of the brain. Therefore, any hypothesis about the neural correlates of consciousness must account for the integrated or coherent operation of large-scale brain activity and resonant neural assemblies. 2. The most plausible mechanism for large-scale integration is the formation of dynamic links mediated by synchrony over multiple frequency bands. Neuronal groups exhibit a wide range of

oscillations (in the theta to gamma ranges, 6–80 Hz), and can enter into precise synchrony over a limited period of time (a fraction of a second). Synchrony in

this context means precise phase-locking as directly quantified by novel statistical methods 12 (rather than indirect measures of synchrony in terms of spectral coherence that do not separate phase and amplitude components). The role played by such synchronization of neuronal discharges has been

greatly highlighted by recent results from microelectrode physiology in animals 13 . Two scalesnof phase synchrony can be distinguished: short-range and long-range. Most electrophysiological studies in animals have dealt with short-range synchronies 14 or synchronies between adjacent areas corresponding to a single sensory modality.  These local synchronies have usually been interpreted as subserving ‘perceptual binding’. Detailed evidence for long-range synchronizations between widely separated brain regions during cognitive tasks has also been found

Nicaea –  /naɪˈsiːə/  (historical) An ancient city in Bithynia in Asia Minor, important during Roman and Byzantine times, on the site of modern-day İznik, Turkey, to which it gave its name. Famous as the site of first council of Nicaea in 325 AD, which composed the Nicene Creed.

nicor- n., 1. A sea-devil, in Scandinavian mythology, who eats sailors. Example: “My brother saw a nicor in the Northern sea. It was three fathoms long, with the body of a bison-bull, and the head of a cat, the beard of a man, and tusks an ell long, lying down on its breast. It was watching for the fishermen.”—Kingsley: Hypatia, chap. xii. 2. A demon of the water; a water-sprite; a nix or nixy.  Examples:   “Presently he left Nagrim. Behind a rock-the nicor would only be useful in a fight-and crawled from bush to bush until he lay within man - lengths of the humans.”  “Beside him, black and misshapen, hulked Nagrim the nicor, whose earthquake weight left a swath of crushed plants.”  The Queen of Air and Darkness, by Poul Anderson.

node - A network node is machine/device connected to a network. This could be anything from a router to a webserver and can be an endpoint or a hop in-between.  2. In electrical engineering, node, refers to any point on a circuit where two or more circuit elements meet. For two nodes to be different, their voltages must be different. Without any further knowledge, it is easy to establish how to find a node by using Ohm's Law: V=IR. When looking at circuit schematics, ideal wires have a resistance of zero. Since it can be assumed that there is no change in the potential across any part of the wire, all of the wire in between any components in a circuit is considered part of the same node. 3. A lymph node is an oval-shaped orgn of the lymphatic system, distributed widely throughout the body including the armpit and stomach and linked by lymphatic vessels. Lymph nodes are major sites of B, T, and other immune cells. Lymph nodes are important for the proper functioning of the immune system, acting as filters for foreign particles and cancer cells. Lymph nodes do not deal with toxicity, which is primarily dealt with by the liver and kidneys.  4. (graph theory), a vertex in a mathematical graph, or a point in a network topology at which lines intersect, branch or terminate. 5. Sites of altars and temples are often centered upon nodes of lightning and piezolectricity. 6. The region of a stem between two internodes, where there is branching of the vascular tissue into leaves or other appendages.

nomoletic - the natural sciences  may subordinate their facts to general conceptions, that is, to constant laws, and hence they may be called Gesetzwissenschaften, or sciences of phenomena subject to laws. There are other sciences, he maintained, which do not seek for general laws, but only to establish a succession, or historical series, of facts. The first might be called "nomoletic" sciences, the second "idiographic," or the sciences dealing merely with events.

nomological -  relating to or expressing basic physical laws or rules of reasoning: “nomological universals”. Origin of nomological: nomology, science of physical and logical laws, from Greek nomos + English –logy.  First Known Use: 1845.

nomos - in law, the concept of law in ancient Greek philosophy. The problems of political authority and the rights and obligations of citizens were a major concern in the thought of the leading Greek Sophists of the late 5th and early 4th centuries BC. They distinguished between nature (physis) and convention (nomos), putting laws in the latter category. Law generally was thought to be a human invention arrived at by consensus for the purpose of restricting natural freedoms for the sake of expediency and self-interest. This view of law as arbitrary and coercive was not conducive to social stability, however, and thus was amended by Plato and other philosophers, who asserted that nomos was, or at least could be, based upon a process of reasoning whereby immutable standards of moral conduct could be discovered, which could then be expressed in specific laws. The dichotomy between the negative and positive views of law was never actually resolved.

nomothetic - adj. 1. giving or establishing laws; legislative.  2. founded upon or derived from law.  3. Psychology pertaining to or involving the study or formulation of general or universal laws (opposed to idiographic).

Nootropic - A cognition-enhancing drug that has no significant side-effects.

nosology - pl. nosologies:  1. The branch of medicine that deals with the classification of diseases.  2. A classification of diseases. 1721, from Mod.L. nosologia (perhaps via Fr. nosologie), from noso-, comb. form of Gk. nosos “disease” + -logia.

norepinephrine - (nôrˌĕpĪnĕfˈrən), a neurotransmitter in the catecholamine family that mediates chemical communication in the sympathetic nervous system, a branch of the autonomic nervous system. Like other neurotransmitters, it is released at synaptic nerve endings to transmit the signal from a nerve cell to other cells. Norepinephrine is almost identical in structure to epinephrine, which is released into the bloodstream from the adrenal medulla under sympathetic activation. The sympathetic nervous system functions in response to short-term stress; hence norepinephrine and epinephrine increase the heart rate as well as blood pressure. Other actions of norepinephrine include increased glycogenolysis (the conversion of glycogen to glucose) in the liver, increased lipolysis (the conversion of fats to fatty acids; see fats and oils) in adipose (fat) tissue, and relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle to open up the air passages to the lungs. All of these actions represent a mobilization of the body's resources in order to meet the stressful challenge—such a response is often termed the "flight or fight" syndrome.

nothing – 1. "All creatures derive from God and from nothingness. Their self-being is of God, their nonbeing is of nothing. Numbers too show this in a wonderful way, and the essences of things are like numbers. No creature can be without nonbeing; otherwise it would be God... The only self-knowledge is to distinguish well between our self-being and our nonbeing... Within our self-being there lies an infinity, a footprint or reflection of the omniscience and omnipresence of God."[4]   (Leibniz)      2.  "Without negation, there is no inference. Without inference, there is no order, in the strictly logical sense of the word. The fundamentally significant position of the idea of negation in determining and controlling our idea of the orderliness of both the natural and the spiritual order, becomes, in the light of all these considerations, as momentous as it is, in our ordinary popular views of this subject, neglected. ...From this point of view, negation appears as one of the most significant. ideas that lie at the base of all the exact sciences. By virtue of the idea of negation we are able to define processes of inference-processes which, in their abstract form, the purely mathematical sciences illustrate, and which, in their natural expression, the laws of the physical world, as known to our inductive science, exemplify."  "When logically analyzed, order turns out to be something that would be inconceivable and incomprehensible to us unless we had the idea which is expressed by the term 'negation'. Thus it is that negation, which is always also something intensely positive, not only aids us in giving order to life, and in finding order in the world, but logically determines the very essence of order."

nucleotides - the monomeric unit which makes up the nucleic acid molecules. A nucleotide consists of a nitrogen base, plus a sugar, and a phosphate group.

numinous - —adj.: 1. of, pertaining to, or like a numen; spiritual or supernatural.   2. surpassing comprehension or understanding; mysterious: that element in artistic expression that remains numinous.  3. Awe-inspiring; evoking a sense of the transcendent, mystical or sublime.  4. Evincing the presence of a deity: “a numinous wood”: “the most numinous moment in the Mass.”  The numinous  has two aspects: mysterium tremendum, which is the tendency to invoke fear and trembling; and mysterium fascinans, the tendency to attract, fascinate and compel. The numinous experience also has a personal quality to it, in that the person feels to be in communion with a Holy other.  Etym.:"divine, spiritual," 1640s, from L. numen (gen. numinis) "divine will," properly "divine approval expressed by nodding the head," from nuere "to nod" (cf. Gk. neuein "to nod").

nutrient cycling - All the processes by which nutrients are transferred from one organism to another. For instance, the carbon cycle includes uptake of carbon dioxide by plants, ingestion by animals, and respiration and decay of the animal.

O.

obliquity – n. 1. asynclitism, obliquity -- (the presentation during labor of the head of the fetus at an abnormal angle); 2. deceptiveness, obliquity -- (the quality of being deceptive). 3. the angle between a planets equatorial plane and its orbital plane.

Octave – 1. Okay, a very simple definition. Ready? "do, re, mi, fa, so, la, ti, do". The two do's are an octave apart. The second "do" is a higher octave of the first "do". The first "do" is a lower octave of the second "do". The significance of octaves is that they are the same note - the only difference is the pitch. So, for any of the (sound) frequencies on this list, higher and lower octaves in theory could have the same effects that the original frequency does. Determining higher and lower octaves of a frequency is a piece of cake - just double or half the number. Higher octaves of 7.0 HZ, for instance, would be 14.0, 28.0, 56.0, etc. One use for this is to bring frequencies that are below hearing range to a point where it is an audible sound - this is how a lot of the "planetary" tones were calculated. They determined the fraction of a revolution a planet would go through in a second, and then kept doubling the number until they got to an octave that was an audible tone. It also can be used to bring frequencies above the human hearing range to the point where they're an audible sound - instead of doubling the number, half it instead until you reach an octave that is within human hearing range. 2. "By the way, you should know that this same Hydrogen of theirs is just one of those seven cosmic substances which in their general totality actualize specially for the given solar system what is called the 'inner Ansapalnian-octave' of cosmic substances, which independent octave, in its turn, is a one-seventh independent part of the fundamental 'common-cosmic Ansapalnian-octave'.   Each such an octave of strings on the Lav-Merz-Nokh gave that totality of vibrations which according to the calculations of the great twin-brothers correspond to the totality of the vibrations of all those cosmic substances which, issuing from seven separate independent sources, compose one of the seven-centers-of-gravity of the 'fundamental common-cosmic Ansapaluian-octave'.   All subsequent misunderstandings began with this, that in the information which had reached them from the ancient Chinese it was shown that the 'whole octave of vibrations' has seven 'restorials', that is to say, that the octave consists of seven 'gravity center sounds'; while in the Greek information it was said that the 'whole octave of vibrations' has five 'restorials', that is to say, that the octave consists of five centers of gravity or five whole notes. In these mathematical explanations the following considerations were adduced: "Now, that is to say, this same obliging Gaidoropoolo, in a certain way known to himself, calculated the number of vibrations of all the Chinese seven whole notes and began to explain that in the Chinese 'seven-toned octave' those whole notes called 'mi' and 'si' are not whole notes at all but only half notes, since the number of vibrations which they have almost coincides with the number of vibrations of those Greek half notes which according to the division of the Greek octave are found just between the Chinese whole notes 're' and 'fa' and between 'si' and 'do'  "He made the further supposition that it was obviously convenient for the Chinese to have the rectorial of the voice, that is, the 'center of gravity' of the voice also on these half notes, and therefore they divided their octave not into five whole notes like the Greeks, but into seven, and so on in this way. These contemporary favorites of yours of course do not know and do not even suspect that these two independent divisions of the octave into whole notes which they now have and which they called the Chinese and the Greek have as the basis of their arising two entirely different causes: the first, that is, the Chinese division, is, as I already said, the result of the thorough cognizance by the great learned twin brothers — unprecedented on Earth previously as well as subsequently — of the law of Heptaparaparshinokh; and the second, that is the Greek division, was made only on the basis of what is called the 'restorials of voice' which were in the voices of the beings-Greeks of that period, when this 'five-tone Greek octave' was composed."

Off Grid - An electrical system that is not connected to a utility distribution grid.

oikoumene – (That ideal seemed realized later in the Roman Empire, when) the word that became popular in Greek for the universal community of the Empire was , oikouménê, "inhabited [world]," from the verb , oikéô, "to settle" in the passive participle that we see here. From this we get the term "ecumenical," which is roughly equivalent to "universal" (otherwise , katholikós, "catholic").

Okidanokh – See Dr. Jone Dae’s posts for the meaning of this term.

Old Merv  -  (myĕrf), ancient city, in Turkmenistan, in a large oasis of the Kara Kum desert, on the Murgab River. The city, known in antiquity as Margiana, or Antiochia Margiana, was founded in the 3d cent. B.C. on the site of an earlier settlement. Its periods of greatness were from A.D. 651 to 821, when it was the seat of the Arab rulers of Khorasan and Transoxania and one of the main centers of Islamic learning, and from 1118 to 1157, when it was the capital of the Seljuk Empire under the last sultan, Sandzhar. The Mongols destroyed the city early in the 13th cent., but it was slowly rebuilt, to be destroyed again by the Bukharans in 1790. The Russians conquered the area in 1884. Several mausoleums, mosques, and castles of the 11th and 12th cent. are preserved and are among the best monuments of Muslim art in Central Asia. Present-day Merv, c.20 mi  from the old city, was renamed Mary in 1937.

ontological – 1. Of or relating to ontology: “ontological speculations.”  2. The metaphysical study of the nature of being and existence.  3. Pertaining to the science of being in general and its affections.  Etymology Cf. French ontologique <Greek, the things which exist (pl.neut. of ontos, being, p. pr. of verb to be) + -logy: cf. French ontologie.

ontology - –noun: 1. (uncountable, philosophy) The branch of metaphysics that addresses the nature or essential characteristics of being and of things that exist; the study of being qua being. 2. (countable, philosophy) The theory of a particular philosopher or school of thought concerning the fundamental types of entity in the universe. 3. (logic) A logical system involving theory of classes, developed by Stanislaw Lesniewski (1886-1939). 4. (computer science, information science) A structure of concepts or entities within a domain, organized by relationships; a system model.

Opacity – 1. State or quality of being opaque.  2. The degree to which a substance is or may be opaque.  3. The proportion of the light that is absorbed by the emulsion on any given area of the negative.

oppugnancy  - n. 1. The act of oppugning; opposition; resistance; 2. the state or quality of being an antagonist. 3. an act or instance of antagonism. — oppugnant, adj.

Optics - The branch of physical science that deals with the properties and phenomena of both visible and invisible light and with vision.

Ordinary Consciousness  -  Sensible shoes for normal adults.

Ordinary Talk -  A cover up for lack of thought. (In the nervous-system-rebel: lack of original thought.)

ordo sancti silvanti – order to sanctify woods.

OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) - Frequency transmission that separates the data stream into a number of lower-speed data streams, which are then transmitted in parallel to prevent information from being lost in transit.

P.

page out -  [MIT] vi. 1. To become unaware of one's surroundings temporarily, due to daydreaming or preoccupation.  "Can you repeat that?  I paged out for a minute."  See “page in”.  Compare “glitch”, “thinko”.  2. Syn. `swap out'; see “swap”.

paleolithic indelibility – 1. Hearth or Incense Burner found in one of the caves

near Beer-sheba. The burner was set in the center of the mud floor and consisted of an 

arrangement of large pebbles in the form of what has been called "a magic square." Each 

stone bears a mark in indelible red color, and it is possible that the hearth was used in

divination by a priest-magician in the Chalcolithic age. The excavators lifted out the entire

section of the floor that contained the hearth and mounted it in a special frame for study and 

display. 2. Freud exchanged with Einstein famous letters on the subject of 'Why War? ' - but he

resigned himself to the unavoidability of human carnage. Due to the persistent urge for 

destruction in man, already early in the development of his theory he realized that traumatic 

experiences,whether of physical or psychological nature, cause amnesia in the individual; and

further, as years passed, he realized that the victim of traumatic experience, whether still on is

conscious mind, or submerged in oblivion' urges the victim to live once more through the

traumatic experience, and sometimes, more often than not, making somebody else the victim. 

But Freud thought that man was reliving the regularly- repeated drama of the murder of the

father by his grown-up sons which occurred in the caves of the Stone Age. Freud believed that

an indelible vestige of this prehistoric trauma lurks deep within the human mind, and as years

passed he came to the thought that possessed all his thinking. Racial memory of some

traumatic experiences dominates man and society to the extent that the human race in his 

diagnosis, lives in delusion. But he did not know the true traumatic nature of the historical past, namely,

the outburst of wantonness in nature itself, and so he insisted that each individual relives the

catastrophes of the past, which he believed to be the murder of the father, the Oedipus 

complex. He opposed the biological view of his day, and of today, too, and insisted that this

imprint was transported through the genes from one generation to the next. He did not come

to know the true nature of the Great Trauma - born in the Theogony or battle of the planetary

gods with our Earth, brought more than once to the brink of destruction - which was the fate of Mercury, 

Mars, and Moon.

palomers -  a Columbarium, a sepulchral building containing many small niches for cinerary urns. The term is derived from the Latin columba ("dove," or "pigeon"), and it originally referred to a pigeon house or dovecote. It later acquired its more common meaning by association. Roman columbaria were often built partly or completely underground. The Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas is a particularly fine ancient Roman example, rich in frescoes, decorations and precious mosaics.  Today's columbaria can be either free standing units, or part of a mausoleum or another building. Some manufacturers produce columbaria that are built entirely off-site and brought to the cemetery by a large truck. Many modern crematoria have columbaria In other cases, columbaria are built into church structures. One example is the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels (Los Angeles, California), which houses a number of columbarium niches in the mausoleum built into the lower levels of the Cathedral.

paradigm - An example or pattern. In the sense of T. S. Kuhn (1970), scientific paradigms are general ways of seeing the world shared by members of a scientific community, and they provide models of acceptable ways in which problems can be solved.

pards – 1. (US) short for pardner , (US, dialect) friend or partner: used as a term of address. 2. (archaic) a leopard or panther.

paredos –  companion. “Similarly,
in
the
fourth
chapter
of
the
third
Ennead,
Plotinus
describes
the
daimon
paredos,
the
guardian
spirit
 that
is
the
guide
of
the
soul throughout
life
and
in
death. “ <paredos, “sitting by one”, from http://biblehub.com/library/tertullian/a_treatise_on_the_soul/chapter_xxviii_the_pythagorean_doctrine_of.htm   }” Suppose now, that he found it in some of those hidden researches; suppose that he recovered some slight breath of report which survived the now obsolete tradition; suppose him to have come to the knowledge of it by an inspection which he had bribed the beadle to let him have, -- we know very well what are the resources of magic skill for exploring hidden secrets: there are the catabolic spirits, which floor their victims;  and the paredral spirits, which are ever at their side to haunt them; and the pythonic spirits, which entrance them by their divination and ventriloquistic arts.” (from A Treatise On The Soul by Tertullian).  Therefore, Plotinus’s use of the word ‘paredos’ is consistent with that of the Bible NT, translated from Ancient Greek, typically Koine’, to English.

paredos daimon -  Acording to Iamblichus, we are assigned a daimon at birth to govern and direct our lives but our task is to obtain a god in its place. Daimon is a term for a deity in general. Daemon is the Latin form and daimon, the Greek. By the time of Hesiod (around 700 B.C.) daimon referred to a subordinate of the higher gods. The plural of daemon or daimon is daemones or daimones. A good daimon, eudaimon, could contrast with a bad daimon, kakadaimon. There was also an agathos daimon, where agathos means good or noble. To the neoplatonist philosopher Plotinus, eudaimonia meant the well-being of the soul. About the paredos daimon, or companion spirit. James Hillman said, ““Each life is formed by its unique image, an image that is the essence of that life and calls it to a destiny. As the force of fate, this image acts as a personal daimon, an accompanying guide who remembers your calling. The daimon motivates. It protects. It invents and persists with stubborn fidelity. It resists compromising reasonableness and often forces deviance and oddity upon its keeper, especially when neglected or opposed. It offers comfort and can pull you into its shell, but it cannot abide innocence. It can make the body ill. It is out of step with time, finding all sorts of faults, gaps, and knots in the flow of life – and it prefers them. It has affinities with myth, since it is itself a mythical being and thinks in mythical patterns. It has much to do with feelings of uniqueness, of grandeur and with the restlessness of the heart, its impatience, its dissatisfaction, its yearning. It needs its share of beauty. It wants to be seen, witnessed, accorded recognition, particularly by the person who is its caretaker. Metaphoric images are its first unlearned language, which provides the poetic basis of mind, making possible communication between all people and all things by means of metaphors.”. About Plotinus’s daimon paredos , it was written ‘An Egyptian priest came to Rome once and made acquaintance with Plotinus through a friend; the priest wanted to test his powers and suggested Plotinus to make the daimon that was born with him visible by conjuring. Plotinus gave a ready assent and conjuration took place in the Temple of Isis; because it was, as it is told, the only 'pure' place the Egyptian could find in Rome. When the daimon was conjured to reveal itself, a god appeared who was not one of the daimons. And the Egyptian is said to have called out: "Blessed are you, because a god is by you as your daimon and not some low class daimon!" ‘

parity errors -  pl.n. Little lapses of attention or (in more severe cases) consciousness, usually brought on by having spent all night and most of the next day hacking.  "I need to go home and crash; I'm starting to get a lot of parity errors."  Derives from a relatively common but nearly always correctable transient error in RAM hardware.  Parity errors can also afflict mass storage and serial communication lines; this is more serious because not always correctable.

particle - used in the Quantavolution theory of Solaria Binaria as a synonym for electrons, atoms and/or electron-deficient atoms (ions) which are in motion, such as in an electric discharge, or in a flowing gas or plasma. So viewed, cosmic rays and stellar/solar wind ions are particles.

pencil and paper -  n. An archaic information storage and  transmission device that works by depositing smears of graphite on bleached wood pulp.  More recent developments in paper-based technology include improved `write-once' update devices which use tiny rolling heads similar to mouse balls to deposit colored pigment.  All these devices require an operator skilled at so-called `handwriting' technique.  These technologies are ubiquitous outside hackerdom, but nearly forgotten inside it.  Most hackers had terrible handwriting to begin with, and years of keyboarding tend to have encouraged it to degrade further.  Perhaps for this reason, hackers deprecate pencil-and-paper technology and often resist using it in any but the most trivial contexts.  See also {Appendix B}.

Pulse code modulation - A method of converting audio into binary numbers to represent it digitally, then back to audio. The waveform is measured at evenly spaced intervals and the amplitude of the waveform noted for each measurement.

pedlar – someone who travels about selling his wares (as on the streets or at carnivals) Chiefly British Variant of peddler.  Peddler \Ped"dler\, n. [OE. pedlere, pedlare, also peddare, peoddare, fr. OE. ped a basket, of unknown origin. One who peddles; a traveling trader; one who travels about, retailing small wares; a hawker. Written also pedlar and pedler. "Some vagabond huckster or peddler." --Hakluyt.[1913 Webster] >early 13c., from peoddere, peddere, of unknown origin. Pedlar, preferred spelling in U.K., is attested from late 14c. It has the appearance of an agent noun, but no verb is attested in M.E. Perhaps a dim. of ped "panier, basket," also of unknown origin, but this is attested only from late 14c.

Photovoltaic System - The components that form a solar electric generating system, usually consisting of PV modules, charge controller, circuit protectors (fuses or brakers) and batteries.

pied typecase – usage: “A little while later, I was in bed with my dolphin books, reflecting that some guys seem to have it made all the way around; and pumling and wondering, with the pied typecase Don had handed me, that I was ever born to set it right.” from Kjwalll'kje'koothai'lll'kje'k  by Roger Zelazny.

Pineal - a tiny organ in the brain [about the size of a pea] that helps to regulate sleeping patterns in mammals [i.e. circadian rhythm], as well as seasonal changes. It is sensitive to light - in the absence of light, it produces a hormone (melantonin) that makes us sleep. Functionally, it is the closest thing we have to a "third eye".

piquant – 1. savory, savoury, spicy, zesty - having an agreeably pungent taste.  2. salty - engagingly stimulating or provocative; "a piquant wit"; "salty language".  3. engaging  - attracting or delighting; "an engaging frankness"; "a piquant face with large appealing eyes".

plasma - is a 4^TH state of matter in which the electrons are separated from the electron-deficient  atoms.  The  whole  gas  contains approximately equal numbers of electrons and ions. Plasma is a state of matter similar to gas in which a certain portion of the particles is ionized. Heating a gas may ionize its molecules or atoms (reduce or increase the number of electrons in them), thus turning it into a plasma, which contains charged particles: positive ions and negative electrons or ions.[1] Ionization can be induced by other means, such as strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.[2] The presence of a non-negligible number of charge carriers makes the plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Plasma, unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers. Some common plasmas are found in stars and neon signs. In the universe, plasma is the most common state of matter for ordinary matter, most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic plasma (particularly intracluster medium) and in stars. Much of the understanding of plasmas has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific basis. In the visible universe, plasma is the most common state of matter, and all objects in the universe move through a sea of plasma.  Though similar in some ways to a gas, plasma is partially ionized. Freely moving charged particles give it a unique ability to conduct electric currents.  Often called the fourth state of matter—after solids, liquids and gasses—plasma behaves much differently from a neutral gas. Electric currents in plasma create magnetic fields that confine and shape plasma activity. In this way the electric force can organize elaborate cosmic structures while also provoking the intense electromagnetic emissions now revealed by today’s advanced telescopes.

plenum - the contents of the sac of Solaria Binaria and later of the Solar System; excluding the distinctly stellar and planetary material in it.

Plinian eruption - is the most violent volcanic eruption known. It is of almost incomprehensible violence such as the eruptions of Stronghyle (believed to have occurred in 1500 BC), of Vesuvius (in AD 79) and of Krakatoa in 1883.

plokta -  /plok't*/ [Acronym for `Press Lots Of Keys To Abort'] v. To press random keys in an attempt to get some response from the system.  One might plokta when the abort procedure for a program is not known, or when trying to figure out if the system is just sluggish or really hung.  Plokta can also be used while trying to figure out any unknown key sequence for a particular operation. Someone going into `plokta mode' usually places both hands flat on the keyboard and mashes them down, hoping for some useful response. A slightly more directed form of plokta can often be seen in mail messages or USENET articles from new users --- the text might end with

             ^X^C      

             q 

             quit      

             :q

             ^C

             end       

             x 

             exit      

             ZZ

             ^D

             ? 

             help

 as the user vainly tries to find the right exit sequence, with the incorrect tries piling up at the end of the message....

plotz - [plots] verb (used without object), Slang. 1. to collapse or faint, as from surprise, excitement, or exhaustion <Middle High German; Americanism;  < Yiddish platsn literally, to crack, split, burst <Middle High German  blatzen, platzen. verb: to fall apart or down from a strong emotion,  such as frustration or annoyance; To burst with emotion, frustration, anger, etc : “She's so stoked she could plotz.”

polymorphs - are organisms which during their life cycle undergo a transition (metamorphosis) between forms. In some species several forms co-exist within one colony at any moment.

polyploids - species of plants (and sometimes animals) whose chromosome number exceeds twice the basic set of chromosomes (the haploid number) found in the gamete cell (which) produces a new organism by fertilization with an appropriate gamete cell of the opposite gender. It is not uncommon to breed plants with double or four times the original number of chromosomes (euploids).

poop deck - n. 1. An exposed partial deck on the stern superstructure of a ship; A raised deck installed above the main deck at the stern. Examples:  “Though it was early morning and the wind brisk, the five white men who lounged on the poop-deck were scantily clad.” The Pearls of Parlay;  “Seas creamed and licked the poop-deck edge, now to starboard, now to port.” Chapter XXX. <The "poop" deck on a sailing ship is the aftmost deck at the ship's stern, and takes its name directly from the Latin "puppis," meaning "stern."

Populaces, Mobs, & Crowds - All populaces are inescapably stupid: this is true in the political realm as well as the internal; the mob that inherently comprises your automatic-consciousness is irredeemably dumb and cruel; that's how Life makes it  --  that's how it is. Therefore:  no positive change can ever come from a mass activity; such can destroy an empire  –  but not construct one; it can denounce an art  –  but not create one itself. The inner rebel understands by natural feel that no assistance is possible to him from any mass undertaking: such activity is always cruder, dumber, and more simplistic than you. The populace that is your natural born consciousness has no respect for the Monarch (your "I" – your personality) that through blood descent is on the throne of your nervous system kingdom because it does not exercise unconditional power, and govern via unappealable decisions: this is why everyone feels bad about themselves. Real rebels have a proper disgust of mobs  –  internally and otherwise.

Posthuman -  Persons of unprecedented physical, intellectual, and psychological capacity, self-programming, self-constituting, potentially immortal, unlimited individuals.

primary - is the major body in a binary system, e.g. the Sun in the Solar System. The companion(s) orbit(s) the primary. In some systems neither object can be called primary.

primogenitive - Primogeniture is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn male child to inherit the family estate, in preference to siblings (compare to ultimogeniture). In the absence of children, inheritance passed to collateral relatives, usually males, in order of seniority of their lines of descent. The eligible descendants of deceased elder siblings take precedence over living younger siblings, such that inheritance is settled in the manner of a depth-first search. The principle has applied in history to inheritance of real property (land) as well as inherited titles and offices, most notably monarchies, continuing until modified or abolished. Variations on primogeniture modify the right of the firstborn son to the entirety of a family's inheritance (see appanage) or, in the West since World War II with the wider promotion of feminism, eliminate the preference for males over females. Most monarchies in Europe have eliminated male preference in succession: Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. The United Kingdom passed legislation to establish gender-blind succession in 2013 but delayed implementation until the 15 other countries which share the same monarch effect similar changes in their succession laws

prinking - 1. prink -- (dress very carefully and in a finicky manner) 2. dress up, fig out, fig up, deck up, gussy up, fancy up, trick up, deck out, trick out, attire, get up, rig out, tog up, tog out, overdress -- (put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive; "She never dresses up, even when she goes to the opera"; "The young girls were all fancied up for the party").

prodi, prodi immortales  - (Latin) betrayed, betrayed immortal.

profligancy - profligate adj. 1. Given over to dissipation; dissolute. 2. Recklessly wasteful; wildly extravagant.   n. A profligate person; a wastrel. [Latin ‘profliglatus’ past participle of ‘profligare’, to ruin, cast down : pro-, forward; see pro-1 + -fligare, intensive of fligere, to strike down.]

profluent – 1. (a.) Flowing forward. < Latin profluo: profluo, profluere, profluxi, profluctus: v. flow forth or along; emanate (from). 

propaedeutic – n.1.introductory course to a science or art, course that provides art or science; preliminary lecture or lesson that precedes a more advanced instruction; propaedeutic subject. .2. adj. of or pertaining to introductory instruction; introductory.

psychognomic – a Coleridgean coinage. OED gives only “psychonosy”, first used by Jeremy Bentham between 1811 and 1831 (see OED under “Psychics”), and “psychognosis”, first used in 1891; both are defined as “(a) the investigation of knowledge of mental phenomena; (b) thought-reading”.  [word used by James Hillman]

puer – 1. n.  (Latin  puer, pueri)boy, lad, young man; servant; (male) child; [a puere => from boyhood]; Although technically, according to the ages of man as described by Isidore and Avicenna (the two most commonly invoked systems), the term puer denoted a child (ages seven to ten) in the period following and distinct from infancy (birth to ten years), many authors used puer interchangeably with infans.  2. (n.) The dung of dogs, used as an alkaline steep in tanning. 3. v. (intransitive) to stink, to smell (bad).  < Old French puir, from Vulgar Latin *putio, from classical Latin putere, the infinitive of puteō. The change from -ir to -er can also be seen in words such as contribuer (Old French contribuir, Latin contribuere).

pung - A kind of plain sleigh drawn by one horse; originally, a rude oblong box on runners; a low one-horse box sleigh.

puerile – adj. 1. of or characteristic of a child: "puerile breathing";  2. adolescent, jejune, juvenile, puerile -- displaying or suggesting a lack of maturity; "adolescent insecurity"; "jejune responses to our problems"; "their behavior was juvenile"; "puerile jokes".

pulchritude – n. 1. physical beauty, especially of a woman.

pulsars - are stars, a significant part of whose observed energy output is not continuous but is emitted as distinct flashes or pulses of electromagnetic radiation. Many pulsars also emit some radiation weakly and constantly, forming a background for the more intensive pulses.

Q.

q.v. – abbreviation: used to direct a reader to another part of a book or article for further information.  From latin quod vide, literally ‘which see’.

quadrature - the angular aspect by which two celestial bodies are observed from a third body to be ninety degrees apart in the sky. An example is the Sun and the quarter-phased Moon as seen from the Earth.

quantavolution - is an abrupt, large-scale change caused by, and affecting one or more spheres such as the astrophere, biosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, and anthrosphere.

quantum bogodynamics -  /kwon'tm boh`goh-di:-nam'iks/ n. A theory that characterizes the universe in terms of bogon sources (such as politicians, used-car salesmen, TV evangelists, and “suit”s in general), bogon sinks (such as taxpayers and computers), and bogosity potential fields.  Bogon absorption, of course, causes human beings to behave mindlessly and machines to fail (and may also cause both to emit secondary bogons); however, the precise mechanics of the bogon-computron interaction are not yet understood and remain to be elucidated.  Quantum bogodynamics is most often invoked to explain the sharp increase in hardware and software failures in the presence of suits; the latter emit bogons, which the former absorb.  See “bogon”, “computron”, “suit”, “psyton”.

Quantum Optics - A branch of physics employed when studying detailed effects that occur when light is absorbed by matter, a film's emulsion for example.

Quartz Lights  - Generic term for various types of lights that use tungsten-halogen lamps.

quasar - a celestial object which appears “star-like” but is not explainable in terms of the usual stellar properties. Their spectrum tends strongly towards the red. Many quasars have a visible “tail” -supposedly a jet of material expelled from the quasar. Often quasars emit anomalous amounts of radio waves.

quonam fugit  - how flees, or how (he she it) escaped, etc.

R.

rangy – 1. (1) gangling, gangly, lanky, rangy -- tall and thin and having long slender limbs. Usage: "a gangling teenager"; "a lanky kid transformed almost overnight into a handsome young man".  2. adapted to wandering or roaming.  3. allowing ample room for ranging.

Raskolnikov - a fictional character in Dostoevsky's novel `Crime and Punishment'; he kills old women because he believes he is beyond the bounds of good or evil.

refectory – n. 1. a communal dining-hall (usually in a monastery).

Really Rich – 1.You're not really rich until you don't care; until you are free from humanly contrived problems.  2. You're not really rich in knowledge until it means nothing to you.  3. You're not really rich in experience until you never think about it. (4) You're not really rich in spirit until you don't care how you feel about how you feel.  When you are really rich: even the cellular voices can't talk to you about being rich  –  you're too rich to listen to them!

Real Person - One who can keep a diary and never use the word "I".

Real Physician -  One whose being has as much beneficial effect on his patients as do his prescriptions. (Note: physicians exist in many fields;
the certain man has a private one in residence in his head.)

Real Rebel - The Real Rebel knows that everything ordinary men believe to be true about all intangible matters is not  –  and neither is its opposite. (2) The Real Rebel forgets what others remember and  remembers what others never notice in the first place. (3) The Real Rebel lives his inner life as if it were a calm in a storm  –  and/or as if it were a willfully stirred storm in a stifling calm.  (4) The Real Rebel is indifferent to what frightens and excites others, and foremost: indifferent to his self –  the one pictured by his establishment consciousness. (5) The Real Rebel might be: cheated  –  but never taken; sick  –  but not suffer; tired  –  but not disgusted; anxious  –  but not desperate; down but never beaten.   The chopping block distinction between The Real Rebel and his many dilettante imitators is that if you are the real deal, then as long as you are breathing, your efforts to go ever further in the inner exploration, never flag.

regale – v. provide with choice or abundant food or drink; Usage: "Don't worry about the expensive wine--I'm treating"; "She treated her houseguests with good food every night".

Renaissance - Meaning "rebirth" in French. Refers to Europe c. 1400-1600. Renaissance art which began in Italy, stressed the forms of classical antiquity, a realistic representation of space based on scientific perspective, and secular subjects. The works of Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael exemplify the balance and harmony of the High Renaissance (c. 1495-1520).

Renaissance Neoplatonism and Archetypal Psychology -  1. “What enabled the Renaissance was not (as is commonly supposed) the rediscovery of humanity or nature, but the rediscovery of soul and its paradoxical nature, for while it is in us, we are also in it. That is, the imaginative world of the soul has an objective existence independent of our individual egos. He identifies Petrarch's descent from Mont Ventoux as the turning point because, as you will recall, it was there that he consulted Augustine's Confessions at random and, from what he read, realized that the world inside is just as large and real (just as given) as the world outside. In that passage (X.8) Augustine described his imagination as "a large and boundless chamber," both a power of his and a part of his nature, yet beyond his comprehension. "Therefore is the mind too strait to contain itself." “ 2. Renaissance Platonism from the Academy founded by Marsilio Ficino and Cosimo de'Medici, had only the slimmest of institutional support in Europe as a distinct discipline. Only a few philosophers, such as Cardinal Bessarion, Nicholas Cusanus, Marsilio Ficino, and Pico della Mirandola, can be unabashedly classified as "Neoplatonists." In the history of ideas, Renaissance Neoplatonism is more important for its diffusion into a variety of philosophies and cultural activities, such as literature, painting, and music.

retroussé – 1. retrousse, tip-tilted, upturned -- (used of noses) turned up at the end; "a retrousse nose"; "a small upturned nose". Origin of retrousse: French, past participle of retrousser, to turn back, from Old French : re-, re- + torser, trousser, to tie in a bundle (probably from Vulgar Latin *torsāre, from *torsus, twisted, variant of Latin tortus, past participle of torquēre, to twist; see torque¹).

Rheology -  the study of the deformation and flow of matter under the influence of an applied stress, which might be, for example, a shear stress or extensional stress. The experimental characterisation of a material's rheological behaviour is known as rheometry, although the term rheology is frequently used synonymously with rheometry, particularly by experimentalists. Theoretical aspects of rheology are the relation of the flow/deformation behaviour of material and its internal structure (e.g. the orientation and elongation of polymer molecules), and the flow/deformation behaviour of materials that cannot be described by classical fluid mechanics or elasticity. This is also often called Non-Newtonian fluid mechanics in the case of fluids.

riata – (Sp,) 1. lasso, lariat, riata, reata -- a long noosed rope used to catch animals. Origin of riata: American Spanish reata: see lariat. More: rope used to lasso livestock. Riata and lariat are both derived from the Spanish la reata (the rope). The classic nineteenth-century riata was made from braided rawhide, was sixty or more feet long, and was generally used by buckaroos who dallied the rope. In contrast, the classic lariat was made from the fibers of the maguey plant and was generally used by cowboys who tied their ropes hard-and-fast. See also lariat, dally, and hard-and-fast.

Right Ascension of The Sun - The Celestial Sphere is a sphere where we project objects in the sky. We project stars, the moon, and sun, on to this imaginary sphere. The Right Ascension of the Sun is the position of the sun on our celestial sphere.

romanys – Gypsies (Romanis) are originally from the Punjab and Rajasthan regions of North India. The area that we now know as Northern India. If you see the Banjun people in India you will also see where our romantic notion of gypsies with flowing dark hair, colourful clothing, dancing round fires etc comes from.

rouleaux formations – 1a. Rouleaux formation occurs when red blood cells form stacks or rolls. This is due to either an artifact (such as a result of not preparing the blood smear soon enough after placing the blood on the slide), or it may be due to the presence of high concentrations of abnormal globulins or fibrinogen. This formation of the red blood cells is found in multiple myeloma and macroglobulinemia.  1b. A stacklike arrangement of red blood cells in blood or in diluted suspensions of blood in which their biconcave surfaces are next to each other.

rubisco -- protein which fixes carbon in photosynthetic organisms. It binds molecules of carbon dioxide to a five-carbon molecule.  Rubisco is the most  common protein on earth.

S.

sable- n. 1.  sable, sable brush, sable's hair pencil -- (an artist's brush made of sable hairs);  2. sable -- (the expensive dark brown fur of the marten); 3. coal black, ebony, jet black, pitch black, sable, soot black -- (a very dark black);   4. sable -- (a scarf (or trimming) made of sable);  5. sable, Martes zibellina -- (marten of northern Asian forests having luxuriant dark brown fur).  adj. 6. of a dark somewhat brownish black.

sacred substances - "Perhaps, my dear Hassein, you already know, like all the responsible beings of our Great Universe, and even those still only at the period of the second half of their preparation to become such, even without regard to the degree of their being-rumination, that the common presence of the planetary body of every being and in general of any other 'relatively independent' great or small cosmic unit, must consist of all the three localized sacred substances-of-forces of the holy Triamazikamno, namely, of the substance-forces of the Holy-Affirming, Holy-Denying, and Holy-Reconciling, and that it must be sustained by them all the time in a corresponding and balanced state; and if for some reason or other, there enters into any presence a superfluity of the vibrations of any one of these three sacred forces, then infallibly and unconditionally, the sacred Rascooarno must occur to it, that is the total destruction of its ordinary existence as such. Well, my boy, because there had arisen in the presences of your contemporary favorites, as I have already told you, their further criminal need to despoil the sanctuaries of their ancestors, and certain of them with the purpose of satisfying their criminal needs even forced open in the mentioned way the hermetically closed rooms, then the sacred substance-force of the Holy-Reconciling existing in these rooms localized in a separate state, having had not sufficient time to blend with the space, entered into their presences and actualized its property proper to it according to Law.  "And these sacred cosmic substances, formed in them in such a manner, serve either only for the purposes of the Most Great cosmic Trogoautoegocrat entirely without the participation of their own being-consciousness and individual desire, or for the involuntary conception of a new being similar to themselves, who is without their cognized wish a distressing result for them frnm the mixing of these sacred substances of the two opposite sexes, who actualize in themselves two opposite forces of the Sacred Triamazikamno, during the satisfaction by them of that function of theirs which has become, thanks to the inheritance from the ancient Romans, the chief vice of contemporary three-brained beings.  "I repeat, my boy, besides the fact that these favorites of yours, particularly the contemporary, ceased to use these sacred substances inevitably formed in them, consciously for the coating and perfection of their 'higher parts' as well as for the fulfillment of their being-duty foreseen by Nature herself, which consists in the continuation of their species, yet even when this latter does accidentally proceed, they already accept it and regard it as a very great misfortune for themselves, chiefly be cause the consequences which must proceed from it must for a certain time hinder the free gratification of the multitudinous and multiform vices fixed in their essence.  "And further, His Highness also explained that this cosmic substance, the Sacred Askokin, exists in general in the Universe chiefly blended with the sacred substances 'Abrustdonis' and 'Helkdonis', and hence that this sacred substance Askokin in order to become vivifying for such a maintenance must first be freed from the said sacred substances Abrustdonis and Helkdonis.  "To tell the truth, my boy, I did not at once clearly understand all that he then said, and it was only later that I came to understand it all clearly, when, during my studies of the fundamental cosmic laws, I learned that these sacred substances Abrustdonis and Helkdonis are just those substances by which the higher being-bodies of three-brained beings, namely, the body Kesdjan and the body of the Soul, are in general formed and perfected; and when I learned that the separation of the sacred Askokin from the said sacred substances proceeds in general when the beings on whatever planet it might be transubstantiate the sacred substances Abrustdonis and Helkdonis in themselves for the forming and perfecting of their higher bodies, by means of conscious labors and intentional sufferings.  "And so, my dear Hassein, when it appeared that the instinctive need for conscious labor and intentional suffering in order to be able to take in and transmute in themselves the sacred substances Abrustdonis and Helkdonis and thereby to liberate the sacred Askokin for the maintenance of the Moon and Anulios had finally disappeared from the psyche of your favorites, then Great Nature Herself was constrained to adapt Herself to extract this sacred substance by other means, one of which is precisely that periodic terrifying process there of reciprocal destruction.  "The beings of the continent Atlantis had a definite notion that beings of the male sex are sources of active manifestation, and hence in their Agoorokhrostiny they gave themselves up to active and conscious contemplation the whole time, and in this state performed these corresponding sacred mysteries, so that there should be transubstantiated in them the sacred substances Abrustdonis and Helkdonis.  "I decided to do this in order that many diversely essenced 'Egoplastikooris' for your future logical confrontation should be crystallized in corresponding localizations in your common presence, and also in order that from active mentation the proper elaboration in you of the sacred substances of Abrustdonis and Helkdonis for the purpose of coating and perfecting both of your higher being-parts should proceed more intensively.
"Only thanks to this factor, in the process of the blending of newly perceived impressions of every kind in the presences of three-brained beings, are there crystallized on the basis of the Sacred Triamazikamno data for one's own cognizance and understanding proper to the being alone; and likewise exclusively only during such processes of the crystallization of the data for consciousness in the presences of three-brained beings does there proceed what is called 'Zernofookalnian-friction' thanks to which the sacred substances Abrustdonis and Helkdonis are chiefly formed in them for the coating and perfecting of their higher parts.

saltations –1. (biology), an evolutionary hypothesis emphasizing sudden and drastic change.  2. (geology), a process of particle transport by fluids; the leaping movement of sand or soil particles carried in water or by the wind.  3. Sensory saltation (psychology), a perceptual illusion evoked by a rapid sequence of sensory stimuli.  4. (Software Engineering), the antithesis of Continuous Integration.  5. The act of  leaping, jumping, or dancing.  6. Discontinuous movement, transition,  or development; advancement by leaps. 7. Genetics A single mutation that drastically alters the phenotype.

Samadhi - The state of being aware of one's existence without thinking.

sample - A discrete value at a point in a waveform representing the audio at that point. Also the act of taking a sequence of such values. All digital audio must be sampled at discrete points. By contrast, analog audio (such as the sound from a loudspeaker) is always a continuous signal.

Sarmoun Monastery - "...Ancient Armenian texts, including the book Merkhavat... referred to the 'Sarmoung Society' as a famous esoteric school that according to tradition had been founded in Babylon as far back as 2500 B.C. and which was known to have existed in Mesopotamia up to the sixth or seventh century of the Christian era. The school was said to have possessed great knowledge containing the key to many secret mysteries. The date of 2500 B.C. would put the founding of this school several centuries before the time Hammurabi, the greatest lawgiver of antiquity, but it is not an impossible one." The pronunciation is the same for either spelling and the word can be assigned to old Persian. It does, in fact, appear in some of the Pahlawi texts...The word can be interpreted in three ways. It is the word for bee, which has always been a symbol of those who collect the precious 'honey' of traditional wisdom and preserve it for further generations. The Bees refers to a mysterious power transmitted from the time of Zoroaster and made manifest in the time of Christ. Around 1886 George Gurdjieff and a friend traveled "to the silent and abandoned city of Ani, former capital of the Bagratid Kings of Armenia. Here fate intervened. Digging irresponsibly and haphazardly in the ruins, the young men made a series of dramatic finds: an underground passage, a crumbling monastic cell, a wall niche, a pile of ancient Armenian parchments - and in one of these parchments an obscure but exhilarating reference to the 'Sarmoung Brotherhood'. Textual analysis suggested that the Brotherhood has been an Aisorian school, situated 'between Urmia and Kurdistan' in the sixth or seventh century AD. Gurdjieff's response was immediate: he 'decided to go there and try at any cost to find where the school was situated and then enter it'."   "Gurdjieff was obliged to make the journey blindfolded; contemporary maps were defective; and above all he was sworn to eternal secrecy. Basically what Gurdjieff tells us is that sometime in 1898 or 1899 he and Soloviev started out from Bokhara with horses, asses, and four Kara-Kirghiz guides. After crossing rivers and mountains, they reached their goal at sunset on the twelfth day. Bokhara is...an ancient city on the Silk Road, to the north of Afghanistan, which had fallen under Russian Suzerainty in 1873. Given its grim environs, the Sarmoung magic circle can hardly be more than 500 miles in diameter; and of this we can provisionally discount the northern and western segments, which verge respectively on the Kizil Kum and Kara Kum deserts. Indeed Gurdjieff's tantalizing references to the valleys of the rivers Zarovshan and Pyandzh (or Ab-i-Pandj), point us directly eastward along 'the golden road to Sarmakand'."    In Studies in Comparative Religion (Winter 1974), it is said that according to the Armenian book Merkhavat, the Sarmoung Brotherhood, also referred to as the 'Inner Circle of Humanity', originated in ancient Babylon circa 2500 BC, at around the time the Egyptians built the Great Pyramid of Giza. The Ouspensky Foundation state that the brotherhood was active in the golden Babylonian time of Hammurabi (1728-1686 BC) and is connected with Zoroaster, the teacher of Pythagoras (born c. 580 BC–572 BC, died c. 500 BC–490 BC). According to the Foundation, Pythagoras stayed for twelve years in Babylon.   According to Account of the Sarmoun Brotherhood (1966, 1982) by Major Desmond R. Martin who was an associate of the writer and Sufi teacher, Idries Shah, the contemporary Sarmoun Brotherhood is in the Hindu Kush mountains of northern Afghanistan.  The motto of the Sarmouni is "Work produces a Sweet Essence" (Amal misazad yak zaati shirin), The work being not only work for God and for others but also self-work. Just as the bee accumulates honey, so the Sarmouni accumulate, store and preserve what they term "true knowledge." In times of need, Baraka is released once more into the world through specially trained emissaries. Man is Persian meaning as the quality transmitted by heredity and hence a distinguished family or race. It can be the repository of an heirloom or tradition. The word sar means head, both literally and in the sense of principal or chief. The combination sarman would thus mean the chief repository of the tradition." Yet another possibility was "those whose heads have been purified", in other words: the enlightened.

Secret Knowledge - The notion that there is such is one of Life's greatest diversionary ploys.  (This does not mean that it could not be true  –  it just keeps it from being so for those of routine consciousness.)

secular – 1. layman, layperson - someone who is not a clergyman or a professional person; laic, lay  - concerning those not members of the clergy; "set his collar in laic rather than clerical position"; "the lay ministry"; "the choir sings both sacred and secular music".

Schumann resonance – 1. A simple definition - EM field generated by the earth's atmosphere when it's struck by energy from the sun - it can entrain brainwaves much as EM fields from appliances can, in theory. Here's some additional information. A resonant cavity is formed between the ionosphere and the earth. Energy from sferics (see atmospherics above) or other sources may excite this natural resonator to ring at about 8 Hz. Special purpose receiver, can be home built. [from http://www.altair.org/natradio.htm]  The Schumann Resonances are actually observed by experiment to occur at several frequencies between 6 and 50 cycles per second, specifically 7.8, 14, 20, 26, 33, 39 and 45 Hertz, with a daily variation of about +/- 0.5 Hertz. [from http://www.innerx.net/personal/tsmith/Schumann.html] 7.83 is the strongest of the seven resonances, per http://www.danwinter.com/schumann/schumann.html The amplitude (i.e. intensity) of the Schumann resonance is, however, not  constant, and appears to be extremely dependent upon tropical (and hence  global) temperature.  Indeed preliminary results seem to indicate that a mere one degree increase in temperature seems to be correlated with a doubling  of the Schumann resonance.  This could not be more significant. 2. http://fusionanomaly.net/schumannresonance.html . In the 1930s physicist Heinrich Schumann discovered a permanent standing wave in the atmosphere, resonating between the Earth's surface and the ionosphere. This wave, known as the Schumann Resonance, "Gaia's brain wave" or simply the Earth Wave, is fed by lightning discharges and the planet's internal electromagnetic activity. By a rather stunning coincidence, its frequency fluctuates slowly between 9 and 12 cycles per second - right in the heart of the human alpha range.The Schumann resonance is not increasing in frequency, and in fact already has multiple higher frequency spectral lines at the frequencies predicted by basic quantum physics. The fundamental frequency of 7.8 Hz being determined by the size of the Earth,  the speed of light, and nothing else, with the higher frequency spectral  lines in addition being determined by the size of Plank's constant....  None of which are changing.  The amplitude (i.e. intensity) of the Schumann resonance is, however, not constant, and appears to be extremely dependent upon tropical (and hence global) temperature.  Indeed preliminary results seem to indicate that a mere one degree increase in temperature seems to be correlated with a doubling of the Schumann resonance.

selbst-darstellung – 1. (Using closest Wolfram|Alpha interpretation:) even representation. 2. (translation): self-display.

selectman – 1. One of a board of town officers chosen in New England communities to manage local affairs. 2. The board of selectmen is commonly the executive arm of the government of New England towns in the United States. The board typically consists of three or five members, with or without staggered terms. Three is the most common number, historically.

self-reference - it has multivalued meanings, appearing (i) as a procedure applied to itself, (ii) a reflexive domain of systemic invariances and (iii) a fixed point of a system’s Eigenbehaviors. In such forms of closure, component interactions become fixed-point solutions  of the autonomous system, where the fixed points are Eigenbehaviors or self-determined behaviors expressing systemic invariances against the environment specified by the system itself.  The system exhibiting such Eigenbehaviors becomes ‘aware’ of itself through cognizing the drawing of the distinction between itself and its environment and the understanding of this distinction as an indication what the system is and what it is not. The self appears, and an indication of that self that can be seen as separate from the self. Any distinction involves the self-reference of “the one who distinguishes”. Therefore, self-reference and the idea of distinction are inseparable (hence conceptually identical).’ So the ‘know it-self’ is crucial for identity construction, for only through this self-knowing the self thus constructed can detect the presence of something foreign, and in fact, itself is the only point of reference for a closed system (autopoietic system, autonomous system) to build discriminations of what it is not. Through self-reference, a system creates its own teleology and, by doing so, reproduce itself indefinitely. <Francisco Varela. 

sense-making - Sense-making comprises emotion as much as cognition. The enactive approach does not view cognition and emotion as separate systems, but treats them as thoroughly integrated at biological, psychological, and phenomenological levels. By contrast, the extended mind thesis and the debates it has engendered to-date have neglected emotion and treated cognition as if it were largely affectless problem solving or information processing. The point here is not to deny that we can and do engage in high-level problem solving. Rather, it is that this kind of narrow cognition presupposes the broader emotive cognition of sense-making.

sercial – (Cerceal in Portuguese) is the name applied to any of several white grapes grown in Portugal, especially on the island of Madeira, and gives its name to the dryest of the four classic varieties of Madeira fortified wine.

Serotonin - A chemical in the brain which helps regulate moods - too little of it, and you can end up depressed. Too much of it can cause migraines and nausea. Just the right amount, and it's a great anti-depressant/mood elevator.

Shape Memory Alloys - (SMA's) are a unique class of alloys which are able to "remember" their shape and are able to return to that shape even after being bent. The ability is known as the shape memory effect. ... This property has lead to many uses of SMA from orthodontics and coffee makers to methods of controlling aircraft and protecting buildings from earthquake damage. ... The first SMA to be discovered and the most commonly used is called Nitinol.  See also Introduction to Shape Memory and Superelasticity and Shape Memory Alloy Database .

sharp-set – 1. Eager in appetite or desire of gratification; affected by keen hunger; ravenous; as, an eagle or a lion sharp-set.  2. extremely hungry; "they were tired and famished for food and sleep"; "a ravenous boy"; "the family was starved and ragged"; "fell into the esurient embrace of a predatory enemy" .

shiksas – 1. somewhat disrespectful term for a female goy, non-Jewish woman or girl. 2. a Jewish girl who fails to live up to traditional Jewish standards. < Yiddish shikse, feminine of sheygets non-Jewish youth, from Hebrew sheqes defect.

sial - noun(geology) The rocks rich in silicon and aluminum that form the upper layer of the earth's crust, which lies beneath all continental landmasses. Example: The upper and lighter layer, fifteen miles thick, was composed of lighter rock known by the invented word sial, indicating silicon and aluminum.

siamese betta - siamese fighting fish.

sibyls – n.:1. (in ancient Greece and Rome) any of a number of women believed to be oracles or prophetesses, one of the most famous being the sibyl of Cumae, who guided Aeneas through the underworld.  2. a witch, fortune-teller, or sorceress. <ultimately from Greek Sibulla, of obscure origin.

sith -  (archaic) since; afterwards; seeing that.

skerries- n. pl. of skerry; 1. : a rocky isle : reef; A reef or rocky obstruction; A rocky isle; an insulated rock. [Scot.] Example:   “With his keen sight and sound judgment, it would not have taken him long to determine that the inner part of the bay does not consist of floating barrier, but that the Barrier there rests upon a good, solid foundation, probably in the form of small islands, skerries, or shoals, and from this point he and his able companions would have disposed of the South Polar question once for all.” - The South Pole~ Plan and Preparations. <Scots (Shetland and Orkney islands), ultimately from Old Norse skerj-, sker rocky islet — more at scar.  First Known Use: 1612. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. sker, Sw. skär, Dan. skir. Cf. Scar a bank.]

Sleep, Deep Dreamless - Experts are finding that it's only during deep, dreamless sleep that the body restores itself, fixing wear and tear and building new skin, bone, and muscle. http://health.com/wynks/SleepDisWYNK2000-MAL/whatishappening.html

SNAFU principle - /sna'foo prin'si-pl/ [from a WWII Army acronym for `Situation Normal, All Fucked Up'] n. "True communication is possible only between equals, because inferiors are more consistently rewarded for telling their superiors pleasant lies than for telling the truth." --- a central tenet of Discordianism, often invoked by hackers to explain why authoritarian hierarchies screw up so reliably and systematically. The effect of the SNAFU principle is a progressive disconnection of decision-makers from reality.  This lightly adapted version of a fable dating back to the early 1960s illustrates the phenomenon perfectly:

     In the beginning was the plan,

            and then the specification;

     And the plan was without form,

            and the specification was void.

     And darkness

            was on the faces of the implementors thereof;

     And they spake unto their leader,

            saying:

     "It is a crock of shit,

            and smells as of a sewer."

     And the leader took pity on them,

            and spoke to the project leader:

     "It is a crock of excrement,

            and none may abide the odor thereof."

     And the project leader

            spake unto his section head, saying:

     "It is a container of excrement,

            and it is very strong, such that none may abide it."

     The section head then hurried to his department manager,

            and informed him thus:

     "It is a vessel of fertilizer,

            and none may abide its strength."

     The department manager carried these words

           to his general manager,

     and spoke unto him

           saying:

     "It containeth that which aideth the growth of plants,

           and it is very strong."

     And so it was that the general manager rejoiced

           and delivered the good news unto the Vice President.

     "It promoteth growth,

           and it is very powerful."

     The Vice President rushed to the President's side,

           and joyously exclaimed:

     "This powerful new software product

           will promote the growth of the company!"

     And the President looked upon the product,

           and saw that it was very good.

After the subsequent disaster, the {suit}s protect themselves by saying "I was misinformed!", and the implementers are demoted or  fired.

snarf -  /snarf/ vt. 1. To grab, esp. to grab a large document or file for the purpose of using it with or without the author's permission.  See also BLT.  2. [in the UNIX community] To fetch a file or set of files across a network.  See also ‘blast’.  This term was mainstream in the late 1960s, meaning `to eat piggishly'.  It may still have this connotation in context.  "He's in the snarfing phase of hacking --- FTPing megs of stuff a day."  3. To acquire, with little concern for legal forms or politesse (but not quite by stealing).  "They were giving away samples, so I snarfed a bunch of them." 4. Syn. for ‘slurp’.  "This program starts by snarfing the entire database into core, then...."   5. [GEnie] To spray food or programming fluids due to laughing at the wrong moment.  "I was drinking coffee, and when I read your post I snarfed all over my desk."  "If I keep reading this topic, I think I'll have to snarf-proof my computer with a keyboard condom." [This sense appears to be widespread among mundane teenagers --- ESR]

sortilege(rs) – n. 1. The act or practice of foretelling the future by drawing lots. 2. Sorcery; witchcraft. 3. The use of supernatural powers to influence or predict events: conjuration, magic, sorcery, thaumaturgy, theurgy, witchcraft, witchery, witching, wizardry. See supernatural.  <[Middle English, from Old French, from Medieval Latin sortilegium, from sortilegus, diviner : Latin sors, sort-, lot + Latin legere, to read.]

spar(s) – n. Kinds of spar(s): bowsprit, jibboom, jigger-mast, mainmast, topmast, yard. spar – n. A pole or a Beam. Masts, booms, and yards are all spars. <"stout pole," c.1300, "rafter," from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch sparre, from Proto-Germanic *sparron (cf. Old English *spere "spear, lance," Old Norse sperra "rafter, beam"), from PIE root *sper- "spear, pole" (see spear). Nautical use dates from 1640. Also borrowed in Old French as esparre, which may have been the direct source of the English word.

statins - Statins are a group of medicines that can help lower the level of low-densit-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol "bad cholesterol" in the blood. Having a high level of LDL cholesterol is potentially dangerous, as it can lead to a hardening and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies show that, in certain people, statins reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke, and even death from heart disease by about 25% to 35%. Studies also show that statins can reduce the chances of recurrent strokes or heart attacks by about 40%. Statins are associated with a few rare, but potentially serious, side effects including: Myositis, inflammation of the muscles. The risk of muscle injury increases when certain other medications are taken with statins. For example, if you take a combination of a statin and a fibrate -- another cholesterol-reducing drug -- the risk of muscle damage increases greatly compared to someone who takes a statin alone. Elevated levels of CPK, or creatine kinase, a muscle enzyme that when elevated, can cause muscle pain, mild inflammation, and muscle weakness. This condition, though uncommon, can take a long time to resolve. Rhabdomyolysis, extreme muscle inflammation and damage. With this condition, muscles all over the body become painful and weak. The severely damaged muscles release proteins into the blood that collect in the kidneys. The kidneys can become damaged trying to eliminate a large amount of muscle breakdown caused by statin use. This can ultimately lead to kidney failure or even death. Fortunately, rhabdomyolysis is extremely rare. It occurs in less than one in 10,000 people taking statins.

stenosis -[sti-noh-sis] noun (pathology) a narrowing or stricture of a passage or vessel. A stenosis (; plural: stenoses, ) (from Ancient Greek στένωσις, narrowing) is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubularorgan or structure. It is also sometimes called a stricture (as in urethra stricture). The term coarctation is a synonym, but is commonly used only in the context of aortic coarctation. Restenosis is the recurrence of stenosis after a procedure. Stenoses of the vascular type are often associated with unusual blood sounds resulting from turbulent flow over the narrowed blood vessel.

stichometry -  1. the practice of writing a prose text in lines, often of slightly differing lengths, that correspond to units of sense and indicate phrasal rhythms. 2. Measurement of books by the number of lines which they contain.  3. Division of the text of a book into lines; especially, the division of the text of books into lines accommodated to the sense, -- a method of writing manuscripts used before punctuation was adopted. 4. In paleography, measurement of manuscripts by lines of fixed or average length; also, an edition or a list containing or stating such measurement.

stoop - n. [D. stoep.] 1. (Arch.) Originally, a covered porch with seats, at a house door; the Dutch stoep as introduced by the Dutch into New York. Afterward, an out-of-door flight of stairs of from seven to fourteen steps, with platform and parapets, leading to an entrance door some distance above the street; the French perron. Hence, any porch, platform, entrance stairway, or small veranda, at a house door. [U. S.] ; 2. n. [OE. stope, Icel. staup; akin to AS. steáp, D. stoop, G. stauf, OHG. stouph.] A vessel of liquor; a flagon. [Written also stoup.] Fetch me a stoop of liquor. Shak. ; 3. n. [Cf. Icel. staup a knobby lump.] A post fixed in the earth. [Prov. Eng.]  n. 1. The act of stooping, or bending the body forward; inclination forward; also, an habitual bend of the back and shoulders. 2. Descent, as from dignity or superiority; condescension; an act or position of humiliation. Can any loyal subject see With patience such a stoop from sovereignty? Dryden.3. The fall of a bird on its prey; a swoop. L'Estrange.  <"raised open platform at the door of a house," 1755, American and Canadian, from Dutch stoep "flight of steps, doorstep, stoop," from Middle Dutch, from Proto-Germanic *stopo "step" (see step).

n. Slang: one that exemplifies qualities of a dumb-ass, or a stupid person. Example: Guy #1: "yo my man! why you eyein my boo?" Guy #2: "i was eyein the tits next to her, ya stoop!" Synonyms: retard, dumb-ass, idiot, stupid.
v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stooped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stooping.] [OE. stoupen; akin to AS. stpian, OD. stuypen, Icel. st&umac;pa, Sw. stupa to fall, to tilt. Cf 5th Steep.] 1. To bend the upper part of the body downward and forward; to bend or lean forward; to incline forward in standing or walking; to assume habitually a bent position. 2. To yield; to submit; to bend, as by compulsion; to assume a position of humility or subjection.  Mighty in her ships stood Carthage long, . . . Yet stooped to Rome, less wealthy, but more strong. Dryden. These are arts, my prince, In which your Zama does not stoop to Rome. Addison.3. To descend from rank or dignity; to condescend. She stoops to conquer." Goldsmith. Where men of great wealth stoop to husbandry, it multiplieth riches exceedingly. Bacon.4. To come down as a hawk does on its prey; to pounce; to souse; to swoop. The bird of Jove, stooped from his aëry tour, Two birds of gayest plume before him drove. Milton.5. To sink when on the wing; to alight. And stoop with closing pinions from above. Dryden. Cowering low With blandishment, each bird stooped on his wing. Milton. Syn. -- To lean; yield; submit; condescend; descend; cower; shrink.

v. t. 1. To bend forward and downward; to bow down; as, to stoop the body. Have stooped my neck." Shak. 2. To cause to incline downward; to slant; as, to stoop a cask of liquor. 3. To cause to submit; to prostrate. [Obs.] Many of those whose states so tempt thine ears Are stooped by death; and many left alive. Chapman.4. To degrade. [Obs.] Shak.  <"bend forward," Old English stupian "to bow, bend" (cognate with Middle Dutch stupen "to bow, bend"), from Proto-Germanic *stup-, from PIE *(s)teu- (see steep (adj.)). Figurative sense of "condescend" is from 1570s. Sense of "swoop" is first recorded 1570s in falconry.

sly – adj. 1. (1) crafty, cunning, dodgy, foxy, guileful, knavish, slick, sly, tricksy, tricky, wily -- (marked by skill in deception; "cunning men often pass for wise"; "deep political machinations"; "a foxy scheme"; "a slick evasive answer"; "sly as a fox"; "tricky Dick"; "a wily old attorney").

soviet (russian) – Russian: сове́т, Russian pronunciation: [sɐˈvʲɛt], English: Council; a name used for several Russian political organizations. Examples include the Czar's Council of Ministers, which was called the "Soviet of Ministers"; a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia; and the Supreme Soviet, the bicameral parliament of the Soviet Union.

stenosis – 1. (/stəˈnoʊsɨs/;^[1][2] plural: stenoses, /stəˈnoʊˌsiːz/) (from Ancient Greek στένωσις, "narrowing") is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure. It is also sometimes called a stricture (as in urethral stricture). The term coarctation is a synonym, but is commonly used only in the context of aorti coarctation. Stenoses of the vascular type are often associated with unusual blood sounds resulting from turbulent flow over the narrowed blood vessel. This sound can be made audible by a stethoscope, but diagnosis is generally made or confirmed with some form of medical imaging. 2. the narrowing of spaces in the spine (backbone) which causes pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. About 75% of cases of spinal stenosis occur in the low back (lumbar spine). In most cases, the narrowing of the spine associated with stenosis compresses the nerve root, which can cause pain along the back of the leg. Narrowing of the vertebral canal, nerve root canals, or intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine, caused by encroachment of bone upon the space; symptoms are caused by compression of the cauda equina and include pain, paresthesias, and neurogenic claudication. The condition may be either congenital or due to spinal degeneration. 3. Other narrowing of tubular structures in the human body.

straphangers – n. 1. Derogatory term for commuters. 2. informal: A standing passenger in a bus or train. 3. chiefly US: A person who commutes to work by public transportation.

subfalcial - Subfalcial herniation is displacement of the cingulate gyrus from one hemisphere to the other, under the falx cerebri. Subfalcial herniation can compress the pericallosal arteries, causing an infarct in their distribution.

subspecie aeternitatis – A latin term meaning "from the viewpoint of eternity" commonly used in philosophy and literature. Also written ‘sub specie aeternitatis’ or ‘sub specie aeterni’.

subsumption  - 1. That which is subsumed, as the minor clause or premise of a syllogism.

subsumptive – 1. Relating to, or containing, a subsumption. 2. To classify, include or incorporate in a more comprehensive category or under a general principle. 3. Checking whether one description implies another. Subsumption corresponds to logical implication.

supererogation – 1. doing more than needed to complete a task;  2. an effort above and beyond the call of duty.  1520s, "the doing of more than duty requires," in Catholic theology, from L.L. supererogationem (nom. supererogatio) "a payment in addition," from supererogatus, pp. of supererogare "pay or do additionally," from L. super "above, over" (see super-) + erogare "pay out," from ex- "out" + rogare "ask, request" (see rogation).

SVG - stands for Scalable Vector Graphics. It is a format for two-dimensional vector graphics, both static and animated.

Symbiosis -  A relationship wherein two organisms depend on one another; beyond the biological context, there is a unique non-physical symbiosis between all humans whereby they transfer sufficient verbal energy amongst themselves to keep alive in their thoughts man's many belief systems: in the animal world, symbiosis is merely helpful; in man's cultural one, it is imperative. ("Keep talking Horatio, or the boat will surely sink.")

T.

tagung – a meeting.

Tamerlane - Throughout history, few names have inspired such terror as "Tamerlane."

That was not the Central Asian conqueror's actual name, though. More properly, he is known as Timur, from the Turkic word for "iron."

Amir Timur is remembered as a vicious conqueror, who razed ancient cities to the ground and put entire populations to the sword. On the other hand, he is also known as a great patron of the arts, literature, and architecture. One of his signal achievements is his capital at the beautiful city of Samarkand, in modern-day Uzbekistan. A complicated man, Timur continues to fascinate us some six centuries after his death. Timur was born in 1336, near the city of Kesh (now called Shahrisabz), about 50 miles south of the oasis of Samarkand, in Transoxiana. The child's father, Taragay, was the chief of the Barlas tribe. The Barlas were of mixed Mongolian and Turkic ancestry, descended from the hordes of Genghis Khan and the earlier inhabitants of Transoxiana. Unlike their nomadic ancestors, the Barlas were settled agriculturalists and traders. The European versions of Timur's name - "Tamerlane" or "Tamberlane" - are based on the Turkic nickname Timur-i-leng, meaning "Timur the Lame."

tarikat – tariqat – “This then is the second stage, when a man begins to understand the Creator.” – The Sufi Message of Hazrat Inayat Khan.

(“In Islam there is no caste, as the message was meant to unite humanity in one brotherhood, and yet it was found necessary to train individuals according to their evolution in life. A training was given in four grades, namely Shariat, Tariqat, Haqiqat, and Marefat. Since the world of Islam became engaged in national and social affairs, the religious authorities held on to Shariat only, and a few pious ones to Tariqat. It was the latter who sought the door of the Sufi, wanting an initiation into the Inner Light, which was contained, in the two remaining grades, Haquqat and Marefat.” ) “Tariqat means the understanding of law besides the following of it. It means that we must understand the cause behind everything we should do or not do, instead of obeying the law without understanding it. those who are less evolved are supposed to have faith and to submit to the law. The law is for those whose intelligence does not

accept things that cannot be explained by reason. “

tchainik – 1.The term is derived from a Russian folk custom to make a gift of a hollow thing – a pitted pumpkin, a kettle, or a teapot, for example – to unsuccessful matchmakers of an aspiring groom rejected by a bride. The unlucky groom was mockingly called chainik. Over time the term entered other usages for unlucky, inept, or newbie people. In the modern colloquial Russian "chainik" may refer to novice car drivers. Rear window stickers with a picture of a kettle (chainik) mark a novice driver.  2. (Russian, Ukrainian: чайник, "teakettle") is a computer term that implies both ignorance and a certain amount of willingness to learn (as well as a propensity to cause disaster), but does not necessarily imply as little experience or short exposure time as newbie and is not as derogatory as luser. Both a novice user and someone using a computer system for a long time without any understanding of the internals can be referred to as chainiks. Term can also apply to novice drivers, with such usage pre-dating the usage in computing context.  3. Today, the word is slowly slipping into mainstream Russian due to the Russian translation of the popular For Dummies series which uses "chainik" for "dummy". It is a very widespread term in Russian hackish, often used in an English context by Russian-speaking hackers especially in Israel (e.g. "Our new colleague is a complete chainik"). FidoNet discussion groups often had a "chainik" subsection for newbies and old chainiks (e.g. SU.CHAINIK, RU.LINUX.CHAINIK). Public projects often have a chainik mailing list to keep the chainiks out the developers' and experienced users' discussions.

tekinian, tekin, tekki – The World Wide Web (i.e. what people mean when they say “Thee Internet”), has no information about the country, region, people, language, or culture, called Tekin, Tekki, or Tekinian – except, for what is in MWRM by Gurdjieff.  So, there were obviously people called Tekkins, or Tekinian, or Tekki; and so there was a region called Teki or Tekin, and also a culture called Tekinan. That is clearly established by the following passages from MWRM, in which all the other peoples, cultures, and regions named can be found on the WWW. (We added the boldface emphasis belowJ

1. When our train stopped at the station of New Merv on the Central Asiatic Railway, I went to the buffet to get some hot water for tea, and as I was returning to our carriage I was suddenly embraced by a man in Tekinian clothes. That is why, when we came on board, the boat was so crammed with passengers. Among them are Bukharians, Khivans, Tekkis, Persians, Afghans and representatives of many other Asiatic peoples.

2. The following evening, still in the midst of our deliberations, we were sitting in one of the Tekinian chaikanas of New Merv, where two parties of Turkoman libertines were indulging in kaif with batchi, that is with boy dancers, whose chief occupation— authorized by local laws, and also encouraged by the laws of the great Empire of Russia which then had a protectorate over this country—is the same as that carried on in Europe, also legally, by women with yellow tickets; and here in this atmosphere, we categorically decided that Professor Skridlov should disguise himself as a venerable Persian dervish and I should pass for a direct descendant of Mohammed, that is to say, for a Seïd.

3. 'I saw at once that to put the machine right I had only to shift the lever into place, and I could have done this then and there. But seeing that I was dealing with a crafty old rogue and learning from the conversation that he was a merchant of caracul skins, I felt sure, well knowing such types, that to cram his own pockets he had tricked more than one Tekki or Bukharian—who are as credulous as children— and I therefore decided to pay him back in his own coin. So I went into a long-winded story about what was wrong with his sewing-machine and told him that several pinions would have to be changed for the machine to work properly again, at the same time cursing by everything under the sun the rascally manufacturers of the day.

4. 'As I have said, there were also some blank rolls with the phonograph. I quickly found a Tekin street musician, and got him to sing and play several of the favourite melodies of the local population, and on the remaining rolls I myself recorded a series of piquant anecdotes in Turkoman.

More info on those peoples here: http://wn.com/khanate_of_bukhara / .

teleology: The study of ends or final causes; the explanation of phenomena by reference to goals or purposes.

teleonomy - The science of adaptation. "In effect, teleonomy is teleology made respectable by Darwin" (Dawkins, 1982). The apparently purposive structures, functions, and behaviour of organisms are regarded as evolutionary adaptations established by natural selection.

testes – testis, n.1, Pl. testes /ˈtɛstiːz/ . Obs. The Latin word for ‘witness’: from its legal use (cf. teste n.2), occasional in English context .In quot. in Latin construction = cum testibus ‘with the witnesses’.  <Hillman’s learned word-play.

Thais – 1. Egyptian penitent According to legend, Thais was a wealthy woman raised in Alexandria, Egypt, as a Christian. She decided to become a courtesan. Repenting of her lifestyle through the influence of St. Paphnutius, she gave up her money and entered a convent where she was walled up for three years to perform extreme penance for her dissolute habits. Finally, at the urging of St. Anthony, she was released from her spiritual incarceration and permitted to join the other women of the convent, dying a mere fifteen days after her release. Her October 8 feast day, which she shares with Pelagia, is mentioned in Greek menologies but she is not named in the standard Roman martyrologies.² Although no liturgical cult ever formed around Thaïs, her legend enjoyed widespread popularity throughout the Middle Ages. Numerous early versions of the legend of Thaïs and her converter, Paphnutius, exist in Greek, Syriac, and Latin, but the basis for all the later medieval redactions and disseminations is the Vita Thaisis, a sixth- or seventh-century Latin translation (traditionally attributed to Dionysius Exiguus or Dennis the Little) of an earlier Greek life. 2. Thais,  (flourished 4th century bc), Athenian courtesan who traveled with the army of Alexander the Great in its invasion of Persia. She is chiefly known from the story that represents her as having persuaded Alexander to set fire to the Achaemenian capital of Persepolis in the course of a drunken revel. The authenticity of this anecdote, which forms the subject of John Dryden’s Alexander’s Feast (1697), is doubtful, since it is based upon the authority of Cleitarchus, one of the least trustworthy of the historians of Alexander. Persepolis was probably set afire for political reasons.

thalamus (as bridal chamber) – 1. The term ‘thalamus’ (from the Greek thalamos: a chamber) was used by Galen in De Usu Partium by way of comparing the human brain with the ground plan of a Greek house, with the bridal chamber at its heart – emphasizing the central role and location of the twinned bulb-shaped structures that form at the top of the brainstem on either side of the third ventricle. The thalamic complex is located in the diencephalic (posterior) part of the forebrain and includes the prethalamus and thalamus (formerly known as ventral thalamus and dorsal thalamus, respectively). This complex is the major sensory relay station of the brain, receiving all inputs (except olfaction) and connecting reciprocally with the overlying cortex; therefore, in a more philosophical way, the thalamus has been described as ‘the gateway to consciousness’. The prethalamus and the thalamus are separated by the Zona Limitans Intrathalamica (ZLI), a narrow strip of cells that traverses the neural tube, marked by a ridge on the ventricular surface, that has been described morphologically in a wide variety of vertebrates. <James Hillman’s learned word-play.  2. A component of the brain that acts as a 'routing center' for all sensory information that comes up the spinal cord from the body. Drugs that shut down the Thalmus are often used for anesthetic effects.

The Act -  The ordinary life of ordinary men (also called: Life-in-the-city) wherein no one knows what thought they will next have, nor what they will next say,  yet the collective intangible life of humanity proceeds a tempo as though  thoroughly scripted and with no conscious planning nor awareness necessary  on man’s (the actors’) part.

The Act Variation  - The certain man’s method of turning his attention from his  inner voices to those of others outside of him as a reminder-jog not to be simply a passive part of the overall Act.

The Aim -  The Thing; this-kind-of-activity – 1. To make consciousness conscious of itself and its heritage.  (There is a blunter description, but one with which few consciousnesses are taken.). 2. To awaken from the dream; is to come out of the inner dark and into the light; how indeed is the man himself to objectively know that he has done so conclusively?! (But when you achieve it – none of this matters.).

The Bell Curve (Special Edition) – 1. Everything in Life falls within the well known Bell Curve, but not so well observed is that as Life grows on this planet, it becomes more homogenous and enriches itself via mankind collectively by gradually pulling its extremes into the heart of the Curve. 2. Select individuality produces technical innovations conducive to extended life; after that: uniformity allows the masses to enjoy it. (Same deal is running in your consciousness.)

The Circuits (Red, Blue & Yellow) - Analogous to the body, the emotions, and the intellect, respectively.  (Also metaphorically as manifested by: motion, heat & light.)

The Conscious Act -  The willful behavior of a man with that special aim, based on the fact that faking profitable behavior is profitable, and profitable behavior being any that is not natural and habitual; it is doing and saying that which you are not by temperament inclined to do.

The Four Noble Truths – 1. The Truth of Dissatisfaction and Suffering; 2. The Cause of Dissatisfaction and Suffering;  3. The End of Dissatisfaction and Suffering;  4.  The Path Leading to the End of Dissatisfaction and Suffering.

The Green Mosque - The Masjid Sabz or Green Mosque is a mosque in the city of Balkh, in northern Afghanistan. It is believed to be have been commissioned by the then ruler of the Eastern Timurid Empire, Shah Rukh, or by his wife Goharshad. After Tamerlane's death in 1405, his empire fell apart with various tribes and warlords competing for dominance. The Black Sheep Turkmen destroyed the western empire in 1410 when they captured Baghdad, but in Persia and Transoxiana Shāhrukh was able to secure effective control from about 1409. His empire controlled the main trade routes between East and West, including the legendary Silk Road, and became immensely wealthy as a result. His wife, Gowhar Shād, funded the construction of many outstanding mosques and schools throughout khorasan (western Afghanistan and eastern Persia) the most secure portions of the empire. It was during these times of stability that many architectural masterpieces where constructed. In the 1640s Mughal Prince Shah Jahan was stationed in the Balkh Province due to Uzbek incursions. Shah Jahan has been known in the region to have had made adjustments to many of the local mosques and borrowing ideas for his own buildings that he built throughout his reign, also aspects of this building are a precursor to the famous Taj Mahal, as the similarities can be seen.

The Nobel Eightfold Path – 1. Right Understanding (or Right View) : is the ability to understand the nature of things exactly as they are, without delusion or

distortion. If we hold wrong views, misunderstanding the nature of reality, then our thoughts, speech, actions, and plans come forth from this misunderstanding, bringing unhappiness and suffering. 2. Right Thought  (or Right Intention): means our thoughts, feelings, desires, and intentions are in complete harmony with the wisdom of life, in accordance with the way reality works; Right Thought gives rise to virtuous speech and actions which bring happiness and benefit. When our thought, desire, intention, and motivation are in harmony with Reality, the Way, the Dharma, this is Right Thought. 3. Right Speech: the ability to speak truthfully and harmlessly; our speech should never be cruel or hurtful to others. Our words should not create hatred, misunderstanding, or suffering.We refrain from idle, useless, and foolish talk or gossip. In this way, we cultivate the ability to speak the truth; we learn to use words that are friendly, gentle, benevolent, and meaningful. Right Speech means speaking kindly and wisely at the right time and place. When we are not able to speak in ways that are useful, kind, or uplifting, we may consider the wisdom of remaining in noble silence. 4. Right Action: means that our behavior is ethical, honorable, and responsible. Right Action comes naturally from Right Thought, since our actions are a direct expression of our thoughts. We abstain from unwholesome behavior such as destroying life, taking what is not given (stealing), sexual misconduct, and dealing with others in hurtful or dishonest ways. We live a life of honesty, being always conscientious, with a heart full of sympathy, desiring the welfare of all living beings. To the best of our ability, we support others in leading a peaceful, nonviolent, and honorable life as well. Through Right Action we cultivate  ethical conduct (personal integrity), and establish the essential foundation of the Path. 5. Right Livelihood: we earn our living in an honorable and life-affirming way, free from deceit or dishonesty. We do not earn our livelihood in any way that involves harm, cruelty, or injustice to either human beings or animals, nor do we

support those who harm other beings.  Being in accord with Right Livelihood means living in harmony and unity with all of life; living not just to satisfy our own personal desires, but to compassionately serve the welfare of all beings. Through Right Livelihood we cultivate  ethical conduct (personal integrity),

and establish the essential foundation of the Path.    6.  Right Effort: the wholehearted, diligent, and energetic endeavor to train our mind and heart.  Right Effort means we put forth the diligent effort to be mindful and aware at each moment so we can prevent and eradicate unwholesome thoughts, speech, and actions. In this way, we are also able to avoid being carried away by distractions. We are to develop steady perseverance, making a firm, unshakable resolve to practice the dharma. We endeavor to express love, compassion, wisdom, and virtue in our thoughts, speech, and actions. If we truly want to awaken and attain liberation from suffering, we must practice with determination, diligence, and consistency. We must train the mind and heart by diligently applying the necessary effort.  7.  Right Mindfulness (or Right Attention): our awareness is where it should be, completely attentive to what is happening within us and around us in the present moment. We see things as they are, without distortion. When our attention is scattered, deluded, or placed on too many things at once, our thoughts, speech, or actions may become careless, which causes harm to ourselves or others. In these situations, we can practice Right

Mindfulness by embracing the painful consequences of our actions with full awareness. As we practice Right Mindfulness, we are steady, open, aware, present, insightful, and serene in attitude; we think, speak, and act with loving-kindness, compassion, and wisdom. Through Right Mindfulness we cultivate  mental discipline/concentration , an essential aspect of the Path.  8. Right Concentration: we bring our ordinarily restless, unconcentrated mind into a state of tranquility, one-pointedness, and unbroken attentiveness. By training the mind through Right Concentration, we extinguish the delusion, self-centered desire, and destructive thinking that rule the scattered, untrained mind. In this way, we develop serenity and mental/emotional stability, and we gain insight into the true nature of reality. Right Concentration leads one through the various stages of Dhyana (meditation) into equanimity, joy, purity of mind,

and attainment of the highest wisdom. Right Concentration is a fully engaged means of training the mind and heart to be completely present in each moment, without cutting ourselves off from others or escaping the responsibilities of life.

The Obvious -  A most underrated aspect of Life: that which the ordinary see, but never see the significance of  –  because  –   well, because it's obvious  --  therefore the ordinary assume they understand it. (The ordinary will live forever [if you want to call that living.])

theophrastian - Theophrastus ?372--?287 bc , Greek Peripatetic philosopher and pupil of Aristotle, noted esp. for his Characters,  a collection of sketches of moral types. He studied at Athens under Aristotle, and when Aristotle was forced to retire in 323 he became the head of the Lyceum, the academy in Athens founded by Aristotle. Under Theophrastus the enrollment of pupils and auditors rose to its highest point  —Related forms: theophrastian. 

thread - (1) In online discussions, a series of messages that have been posted as replies to each other. A single forum or conference typically contains many threads covering different subjects. By reading each message in a thread, one after the other, you can see how the discussion has evolved. You can start a new thread by posting a message that is not a reply to an earlier message. (2) In programming, a part of a program that can execute independently of other parts. Operating systems that support multithreading enable programmers to design programs whose threaded parts can execute concurrently.

thunderbolt - Pliny distinguishes three kinds of bolt: those that are sicca, dry, and do not burn but dissipant; those that do not burn but blacken, infuscant; and the clear bolt, clarum fulmen, of remarkable nature, by which jars are emptied with the lids untouched and no other trace left. Gold and silver are liquified inside, but the bags themselves are in no way singed, and not even the wax labels are melted. This appears to be the same phenomenon that has occasionally been reported in recent times, and sometimes described, misleadingly, as spontaneous combustion.

TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) - a file format which was developed primarily for scanned raster graphics for color separation. Six different encoding routines are supported, each with one of three different image modes: black and white, grayscale and color. Uncompressed TIFF images may be 1, 4, 8 or 24 bits per pixel. TIFF images compressed using the LZW algorithm may be 6, 8 or 24 bits per pixel. Besides Postscript format, TIFF is one of the most important formats for preliminary stages of printing. It is a high quality file format, which is perfect for images you want to import to other programs like FrameMaker or CorelDRAW, or Apple/MacIntosh.

tocsin – 1. alarm bell -- (the sound of an alarm (usually a bell)). 2. warning bell -- (a bell used to sound an alarm).

theriomorphic – [ˌθɪərɪəʊˈmɔːfɪk], theriomorphous] adj: (Myth & Legend / Classical Myth & Legend) (esp of a deity) possessing or depicted in the form of a beast <Greek thēriomorphos, from thērion wild animal + morphē shape

theriomorph  n.  god or goddess in the form of a wild animal.

tian-shan Tian-Shan - Tien Shan, Chinese (Pinyin) Tian Shan or (Wade-Giles romanization) T’ien Shan, Russian Tyan Shan,  great mountain system of Central Asia. Its name is Chinese for “Celestial Mountains.” Stretching about 1,500 miles from west-southwest to east-northeast, it mainly straddles the border between China and Kyrgyzstan and bisects the ancient territory of Turkistan. It is about 300 miles  wide in places at its eastern and western extremities but narrows to about 220 miles  in width at the centre.The ranges are of the alpine type, with steep slopes; glaciers occur along their crests. The basins are bounded to the south by the low-rising Qoltag Mountains. West of the Turfan Depression is one of the greatest mountain knots of the eastern Tien Shan: the Eren Habirga Mountains, which reach elevations of 18,200 feet . The ridge has considerable glacial development, as well as numerous forms of relief that indicate the area was the site of ancient glaciation. The tallest peaks in the Tien Shan are a central cluster of mountains forming a knot, from which ridges extend along the boundaries between China, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan; these peaks are Victory Peak (Kyrgyz, Jengish Chokusu; Russian, Pik Pobedy), which at 24,406 feet is the highest mountain in the range, and Khan Tängiri Peak (Kyrgyz, Kan-Too Chokusu), which reaches 22,949 feet and is the highest point in Kazakhstan.

token – 1. In programming languages, a single element of a programming language. For example, a token could be a keyword, an operator, or a punctuation mark.  2. In networking, a token is a special series of bits that travels around a token-ring network. As the token circulates, computers attached to the network can capture it. The token acts like a ticket, enabling its owner to send a message across the network. There is only one token for each network, so there is no possibility that two computers will attempt to transmit messages at the same time.  3.  In security systems, a small device the size of a credit card that displays a constantly changing ID code. A user first enters a password and then the card displays an ID that can be used to log into a network. Typically, the IDs change every 5 minutes or so. A similar mechanism for generating IDs is a smart card.  4.  Another word for USB flash drive.

transoxiana – (sometimes spelled Transoxania) is the largely obsolete name used for the portion of Central Asia corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and southwest Kazakhstan. Geographically, it means the region between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers. When used in the present, it usually implies that one is talking about that region in the time prior to about the 8th century AD, although the term continued to remain in use among western historians for several centuries after.

travertine – 1. A white concretionary form of calcium carbonate, usually hard and semicrystalline. It is deposited from the water of springs or streams holding lime in solution. Extensive deposits exist at Tivoli, near Rome.  2. Limestone used for building in Rome.  3. A tan or light-colored limestone used in Italy, and elsewhere, for building. The surface is characterized by alternating smooth and porous areas.  4. Calcareous stone, usually light cream in colour, used for floors and work surfaces. Often the holes are filled with a slurry or resin or fibreglass to create a surface that is textured by matt and polished areas.

Triads -  1. Ordinary consciousness sees only two legs to every stool (situation) whereas three are always present; it sees its view and what opposes same, but does not see an ever present third leg, without which there would be no intangible structure sufficiently stable to be perceived by routine consciousness. No stool will stand on two legs; no matter their features, without the third leg, the first two are useless, and would have never even come together in the first place. 2. Triad describes your mentally perceived connection to everything; your family, friends, government, dog, and these triadial connections do not remain static, but are forever shifting in their relationship to one another: the same situation experienced by your automatic-consciousness' thoughts. (This probably has no connection to the Three Circuits or the Three Forces, or the fact our brain perceives a three dimensional Universe.)

trousseau – n: pl. trous·seaux  or trous·seaus : The possessions, such as clothing and linens, that a bride assembles for her marriage; the collective lighter equipments or outfit of a bride, including clothes, jewelry, and the like; especially, that which is provided for her by her family, which she brings with her from her former home.  <French, from Old French, diminutive of trousse, bundle ; see truss.

turbots  – Turbot is a flatfish primarily caught in the North Sea with a black-brown skin and a length of about 50 cm. It has a good-flavoured firm flesh, on a par with Dover sole.

turgor pressure - Force exerted outward on a cell wall by the water contained in the cell. This force gives the plant rigidity, and may help to keep it erect.

Turkmenistan (aka Turkmenia) - a republic in Asia east of the Caspian Sea and south of Kazakhstan and north of Iran; an Asian soviet from 1925 to 1991; the second largest Central Asian producing Republic of the former Soviet Union after Uzbekistan. The name Turkmenistan is derived from Persian, meaning "land of the Turkmen". Until 1991 it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic.

turkoman – 1. a member of a Turkic people living in Turkmenistan and neighboring areas. 2. the Turkic language spoken by the Turkoman people.

Tyrants -  A really good city tyrant employs the devilish trick of making the people believe that he knows everything they say and think; a would be rebel would counter with the ploy of never denying any accusation. (Note: This has no application whatsoever to one’s consciousness. Note II: You do recognize humor when you pass same, no?!)

U.

un des ames perdue – one of the lost souls.

uncal – uncal (transtentorial) herniation is herniation of the medial temporal lobe from the middle into the posterior fossa, across the tentorial opening. The uncus of the temporal lobe is forced into the gap between the midbrain and the edge of the tentorium. This compresses the ipsilateral oculomotor nerve, causing a fixed and dilated pupil, and collapses the ipsilateral posterior cerebral artery, causing an infarct in its distribution. Cortical blindness resulting from this infarct is a false localizing sign because it gives the erroneous impression that the primary lesion is in the occipital lobe. As the herniating uncus displaces the midbrain laterally, the contralateral cerebral peduncle is compressed against the edge of the tentorium, causing paralysis on the same side as the primary lesion, another false localizing sign. Caudal displacement of the brainstem and stretching of its vessels causes a variety of hemorrhagic lesions in the midbrain and pons (secondary brainstem hemorrhages) that can devastate the reticular activating substance and other brainstem centers, resulting in focal neurological deficits and coma.

uncountable - A set is said to be uncountable or uncountably infinite if it is infinite and cannot be placed into a one-to-one correspondence (i.e., a bijection) with the set of natural numbers. Georg Cantor proved that the set of real numbers is uncountable, a fact sometimes referred to as the “non-denumerability of the reals.”

unseen bodies - components in a binary system which remain undetected by direct observation but are implied by some anomalous behavior of those bodies which are detected.x`

upwelling  - The raising of benthic nutrients to the surface waters. This occurs in regions where the flow of water brings currents of differing temperatures together, and increases productivity of the ecosystem.

URI - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a string of characters that serves to identify an abstract or a physical resource. URIs are used for the identification of resources in the Internet (such as web pages, miscellaneous files, calling up web services, and for receivers of e-mail) and they are especially used in the Worldwide Web.

URL - URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) are one type of Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). URLs identify a resource by its primary access mechanism (commonly http or ftp) and the location of the resource in the computer network. The name of the URI scheme is therefore generally derived from the network protocol used for it. Examples of network protocols are http, ftp and mailto.

Since URLs are the first and most common kinds of URIs, the terms are often used synonymously.

Ur-legends - The holistic residue of pre-history according to Radloff. If we now set ourselves to examining the edifice of the oldest traditions, known under the vocable of Ur-legends (i.e. myths), we by and large do not find in them any set of propositions about any single subject of knowledge, but in the contrary, they give us a "whole picture," i.e. they offer us the holistic set of knowledge of the peoples of those times, concerning God, nature, the origin of things, the history of the people itself and of their ancestors, and this, whether the people in question be constituted by one single element (or else stemming from a congregation of many elements into some large single unit), as was the case for instance of the old-Indian, or the Hebrew tribes, which presented a self-contained unity; or whether it be constituted by migrants from many other peoples, congregating from all the points of the compass, as was the case of the Greeks; this "whole picture" appears all too often as a tissue of contradictory information, into which only later art and science attempted to bring the necessary consistency. Only when the peoples reach a later cultural stage, when prose writing separates itself from poetry, does this chaotic knowledge divide itself into separate fields, such as history, poetry, natural sciences, etc, each one of which, from that point on, develops on its own.

Used Food - Yellow Circuit ideas obtained from another person, as opposed to fresh food produced by your own investigations.

V.

Valuable Ideas - That which is original with you.

valeas– health (latin).

vascular  - Refers to a network of tubes which distribute nutrients and remove wastes from the tissues of the body. Large multicellular animals must rely on a vascular system to keep their cells nourished and alive.

vasopressin - n.  1. Biochem.a peptide hormone, synthesized in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland, that stimulates capillary muscles and reduces the flow of urine and increases its concentration.  2. Pharm.a synthetic preparation of this hormone, used as an antidiuretic in the treatment of diabetes insipidus. Also called antidiuretic hormone, ADH.

vatic - (ˈvæt ɪk) adj. of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a prophet or prophecy; oracular.  [1595–1605; < Latin vāt(ēs) seer + -ic] of Celtic origin; see wet-1 in Indo-European roots.]

Vemalacurty – supposed name of religious or spiritual teacher, American, contemporary.

Verbal Wrap-Up -  Words have the captious capacity to apparently wrap-things-up in such a fashion that matters seem to go from here-to-there; setting seemingly solid support for the Straight Line Illusion; creating the mental illusion that some intangible affair has come to a conclusion, but things do not come to an end, especially in man's second reality, but continue to recycle and cannibalize ad infinitum. What this pleasing wrap-up marks is the limits to ordinary consciousness. (Among rebels, wrap-ups are an endangered feces.)erb Words have the captious capacity to apparently wrap-things-up in such a fashion that matters seem to go from here-to-there; setting seemingly solid support for the Straight Line Illusion; creating the mental illusion that some intangible affair has come to a conclusion, but things do not come to an end, especially in man's second reality, but continue to recycle and cannibalize ad infinitum. What this pleasing wrap-up marks is the limits to ordinary consciousness. (Among rebels, wrap-ups are an endangered feces.)

versicles – ver·si·cle \ˈvər-si-kəl\ - noun 1. a short verse or sentence (as from a psalm) said or sung by a leader in public worship and followed by a response from the people. 2. a little verse. 3. the first half of one of a set of pieces, said or sung by an officiant or cantor and answered with a said or sung response by the congregation or choir. For example, in the following opening of the Anglican service of Evening Prayer according to the Book of Common Prayer, the first line is the versicle and the second is the response. In some liturgical books (such as hymnals or breviaries), the symbol "V" or "℣"  is used.

vert - In classical heraldry, vert is the name of the tincture roughly equivalent to the colour "green". It is one of the five dark tinctures (colours). The word vert is simply the French for "green". It is used in English in the sense of a heraldic tincture since the early 16th century. In Modern French, vert is not used as a heraldic term. Instead, the French heraldic term for green tincture is sinople. This has been the case since ca. the 16th century. In medieval French heraldry, vert also meant "green" while sinople was a shade of red. Vert is portrayed by the conventions of heraldic "hatching" (in black and white engravings) by lines at a 45-degree angle from upper left to lower right, or indicated by the abbreviation vt. when a coat of arms is "tricked".

vilayet – The Vilayets (Turkish pronunciation: [vilaːˈjet]) of the Ottoman Empire were the first-order administrative division, or provinces, of the later empire, introduced with the promulgation of the Vilayet Law (Turkish: Teşkil-i Vilayet Nizamnamesi) of 21 January 1867.The Six vilayets or Six provinces (Ottoman Turkish: ولايت سته Vilâyat-ı Sitte) or the Six Armenian vilayets (Armenian: Վեց հայկական վիլայեթներ Vets' haykakan vilayet'ner, Turkish: Altı vilayet, Altı Ermeni ili[1]) were the Armenian-populated vilayets (provinces) of the Ottoman Empire: Van, Erzurum, Mamuretülaziz, Bitlis, Diyarbekir, Sivas.

vodyanoi - In Slavic mythology, vodyanoy (Russian: водяно́й, IPA: [vədʲɪˈnoj], literally "watery"), vodyanoi, is a male water spirit.  In many such languages the word is also used to mean the Aquarius zodiac sign. Vodyanoy is said to appear as a naked old man with a frog-like face, greenish beard, and long hair, with his body covered in algae and muck, usually covered in black fish scales. He has webbed paws instead of hands, a fish's tail, eyes that burn like red-hot coals. He usually rides along his river on a half-sunk log, making loud splashes. Consequently, he is often dubbed "grandfather" or "forefather" by the local people. Local drownings are said to be the work of the vodyanoy (or rusalkas).

Volts - A unit of measure of the pressure in an electrical circuit. Volts are a measure of electric potential. Voltage is often explained using a liquid analogy -- comparing water pressure to voltage: a high pressure hose would be considered high voltage, while a slow-moving stream could be compared to low voltage.

W.

wainscot- Wain"scot (?), n. 1. Oaken timber or boarding. [Obs.]  A wedge wainscot is fittest and most proper for cleaving of an oaken tree. Urquhart. Inclosed in a chest of wainscot. J. Dart. 2. (Arch.) A wooden lining or boarding of the walls of apartments, usually made in panels. 3. panel forming the lower part of an interior wall when it is finished differently from the rest of the wall. 4. wainscot, wainscoting, wainscotting -- (wooden panels that can be used to line the walls of a room)  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wainscoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Wainscoting.] To line with boards or panelwork, or as if with panelwork; as, to wainscot a hall.  Music soundeth better in chambers wainscoted than hanged. Bacon. The other is wainscoted with looking-glass. Addison.  <mid-14c., "imported oak of superior quality," probably from Middle Dutch or Middle Flemish waghenscote "superior quality oak wood, board used for paneling" (though neither of these is attested as early as the English word), related to Middle Low German wagenschot (late 14c.), from waghen (see wagon) + scote "partition, crossbar." So called perhaps because the wood originally was used for wagon building and coachwork. Meaning "panels lining the walls of rooms" is recorded from 1540s. Wainscoting is from 1570s. [OD. waeghe-schot, D. wagen-schot, a clapboard, fr. OD. waeg, weeg, a wall (akin to AS. wah; cf. Icel. veggr) + schot a covering of boards (akin to E. shot, shoot).]

wallah – usually in combination: person in charge of or employed at a particular thing; "a kitchen wallah"; "the book wallah".

Watt(s) - A quantitative measurement of electrical power. Watts are calculated by multiplying volts times amps. Using a liquid analogy, watts are similar to liquid flow such as liters or gallons. (watts = volts X amps).

wav - A container format, almost always used for lossless, uncompressed, PCM audio. The format is in Microsoft's Little-Endian byte order.

Wavelength - The distance from peak to peak in a light wave that determines the color of the light.

weasands- n.; 1. throat. 2. esophagus; gullet. 3. a former name for the trachea or windpipe.  < before 1000; Middle English wesand, Old English wǣsend, wāsend, variant of wāsend gullet;; related to Old Frisian wāsenda, windpipe; Old High German weisont vein, Danish vissen. noun Archaic.

ween – To think; to imagine; to fancy.

wend- direct one's course or way; "wend your way through the crowds".

whilom – 1. Formerly; once. 2. of old. 3. erewhile. 4. at times.

wiseacre – wise guy, smart aleck, wiseacre, wisenheimer, weisenheimer -- an upstart who makes conceited, sardonic, insolent comments.

wmv - A container format. Windows Media Audio is a lossy, size-compressed audio format developed by Microsoft. It is a proprietary technology that forms part of the Windows Media framework. WMA consists of four distinct codecs. The original WMA codec, known simply as WMA, was conceived as a competitor to the popular MP3 and RealAudio codecs.

Wolf Creek, Western Australia, Australia (impact crater) - Wolf Creek is a relatively well-preserved crater that is partly buried under windblown sand. The crater is situated in the flat desert plains of north central Australia. Its crater rim rises ~25 meters above the surrounding plains, and the crater floor is ~50 meters below the rim. Oxidized remnants of iron meteoritic material, as well as some impact glass, have been found at Wolf Creek. This photograph is a south-looking, oblique aerial view of the crater. (Aerial image courtesy of V. L. Sharpton.) Location: 19°10'S, 127°47'E Rim diameter: 0.85 kilometers Age: ~300,000 years.

wolf tone – in the mean-tone chromatic scale, the wolf tone is a mean tone fifth, called “a large fifth”, located almost 2/5 ths of a semitone sharp of the just fifth or tempered fifth.

words – 1. The only force in the Universe with the potential to overwhelm reality, but since they are an integral part of man's perceived reality, no harm done, not to collective humanity; for the uncommon individual with The Aim, the story is different. (2) The consciousness of a man-in-the-know knows to manhandle words, or they will do so to it. 3.  There is no truth in words: there is coeval: all truth in words. 4. Words speak for themselves as well as for the person from whom they came. 5. There is no truth in words because sound is linear and reality is not; the consciousness from which words ostensibly emerge cannot comprehend an everything-occurring-at-once reality, and must make-do: the make-do is words: verbal abstractions of reality. 6.  Words serve as cover ups for lack of understanding (keep talking about it and who will notice that you don't know about it). 7. Chew toys for the mind. 8. Energy to go. 9. Yellow Circuit's blood. 10. Door of ordinary prisoners' mental cell; part of the exit strategy for those who escape.

writing - Etruscan zichne means tracks of Set. German zeichnen means to mark or draw. There is evidence that writing was associated with marks made on stone by lightning. Greek grapho is likely to be ka and rhapis, rod. In Hindi, nagari is a set of scripts of Indian languages, including the divine script Devanagari. Deva means 'divine'. Naga, in Sanskrit, is a serpent, also a member of a race of semi-divine creatures, half human, half snake. (The Greeks were familiar with these ideas; cf. Kadmos and Harmonia at Thebes, and the legendary first king of Attica, Kekrops.) Exodus XX:24 refers to God recording his name. In Deuteronomy IX:10 Moses says that he received two tables of stone written with the finger of God. Crostwhaite has suggested that electricity is frequently involved where ancient languages have the sounds of ka, qa, or cha. There are examples of words with such sounds in the context of writing. In Hebrew there are chartom, a scribe or cutter of hieroglyphs; charash, charath, to cut or engrave; chaqaq, to ordain, to engrave, and as a participle, a sceptre; kathabh, to write; qa'aqa, tattoo, mark on the skin. In Egyptian there is chaker, a design. Thoth was the god of writing. Etruscan words include, besides zichne, write, engrave; zichina, cut, bite; cana, to carve. In Hebrew there sakin, in Arabic sikina, knife. (Cf. Latin

scintilla, spark, and Gaelic skean, dagger.) It may be only coincidence that the Latin caelum means both a chisel and the sky. The Greek grapho and Latin scribo may have a link with sacer. Greek stizein means 'to brand', Greek 'hizein' means 'to sit.'

Wym Nyland  –  Near the end of his life, Mr. Gurdjieff asked Mr. Nyland to start a group in America, for which he would receive special material from Gurdjieff every week. After Gurdjieff died in 1949, Mr. Nyland was one of the founders and trustees of the Gurdjieff Foundation. He remained active in the Foundation until he formed his own independent groups in the early 1960s.  Anyone who has listened to a few of the 2600 recordings of meetings with Mr. Nyland, made between the late 1950s and 1975, cannot help but feel that Mr. Nyland was extraordinarily devoted to the Gurdjieff teaching. His strength lay in his combination of honesty, practicality, and perspective The groups of W. A. Nyland continue to provide a vital source for the study and practice of Gurdjieff’s ideas. We emphasize the practical application of Gurdjieff's teachings in the midst of everyday life. We meet regularly to discuss the ideas and how to apply them; we hold workdays where we can practice Work during simple physical activities; and we take part in the sacred dances Gurdjieff called “Movements.” Meetings, workdays, and movements are all led by experienced members. In addition, Mr. Nyland recorded many meetings in which he answered questions and explained Gurdjieff’s ideas in detail. This material is available to group members. In maintaining the integrity and aliveness of Work, Mr. Nyland passed on an important legacy to those with a sincere wish for their own development.

X.

X-rays - Electromagnetic radiation similar to light but of shorter wavelength and capable of penetrating solids. X-rays can fog photographic film.

X setting - Shutter speed setting at which flash synchronization occurs. For some manual cameras, the X setting designates the maximum shutter speed at which the camera synchronizes with flash.

X-sync - Same as “X Setting” .

Y.

Yenninishlak – Only the late Mr. Gurdjieff knows where this is.

yidam - (S.: ista devata) means personal deity. Yidams are sambhogakaya buddhas, particular forms of which are visualized in accordance with the individual psychological make-up of the practitioner. A practitioner’s yidam represents his particular characteristic expression of Buddha-nature. Identifying with his yidam, therefore, means identifying with his own basic nature, free from its distorted aspects. Through seeing his basic nature in this impersonal and universalized way, all aspects of it are transmuted into the wisdom of the spiritual path. This leads directly to the service of all sentiment beings, because in this way the practitioner becomes fearless. His hesitation gone, his action automatically becomes skillful and lucid; he is able to subdue what needs to be subdued and care for whatever needs his care. The student first develops intense devotion towards his guru. This relationship with the guru makes it possible for the student to experience an intuitive kinship with the guru’s lineage and then with his own yidam. Yidams are not to be equated with patron saints or guardian angels found in the Jewish, Christian and Muslim traditions. They are not regarded as protectors from danger or saviors. They are simply acknowledgments of the student’s basic energy. The student visualizes the outstanding characteristics of the yidam until he achieves complete union with him.

Z.

zabuton (座布団) - a Japanese cushion for sitting upon. The kanji characters 座布団 literally translated are "seat-cloth-sphere". The zabuton is generally used when sitting on the floor, and may also be used when sitting on a chair. Ordinarily any place in Japan where seating is on the floor will be provided with zabuton, for sitting comfort. A typical square zabuton measures 50–70 cm (20–30 inches) on a side and is several centimetres thick when new. Zabuton are found throughout Japan, and enter many aspects of the culture. In Zen meditation, practitioners sit on zafu which is typically placed on top of a zabuton. The zabuton cushions the knees and ankle.  In sumo, members of the audience throw zabuton toward the ring after an upset. In rakugo, performers are not allowed to rise from their zabuton for the duration of their skit. In yose, notably on the long-running television show Shōten, comedians receive zabuton as a form of scoring. In jidaigeki, according to a stereotype, the boss prisoner in a jail cell receives all the zabuton from his or her cell mates.  The words zabuton, zafuton and futon are closely linked.  Origin: 1885–90; < Japanese, equivalent to za  seat (< Middle Chinese, equivalent to Chinese zuò  sit) + -buton,  combining form of futon.

zafu - a round cushion used in Zen meditation. See also zabuton. Although zafu is often translated as "sewn seat" in American English, the meaning of the Japanese kanji, 座蒲, is different. za (座) means "seat", and fu (蒲) means reedmace or cattail (Typha). A zafu is a seat stuffed with the fluffy, soft, downy fibres of the disintegrating reedmace seed heads. The Japanese zafu originates in China, where these meditation seats were originally filled with reedmace down. Today, that is no longer the case in Japan or China. An alternate translation of zafu is "cushion for sitting" or "sitting cushion", where za means "sitting" or "sit" and fu means "cushion".

Zeus  - 1. He is sedens, sitting on his throne. Cf. Ziusudra, and Psalm XXIX:9, ' The Lord sitteth above the water-flood'. 2. The Cretan Zeus was born in a cave of bees and was fed by them, and Zeus also had the title of Melissaios, Bee-man; he fathered a son, the hero Meliteus, by a nymph who hid the child from Hera in a wood, where Zeus had him fed by bees. Dionyous was fed on honey as a babe by the nymph Makris, daughter of Aristaeus, protector of flocks and bees. 3. The name of a Greek god, related to the old Indo-European god *Dyeus whose name probably meant "shine" or "sky". In Greek mythology he was the highest of the gods. After he and his siblings defeated the Titans, Zeus ruled over the earth and humankind from atop Mount Olympus. He had control over the weather and his weapon was a thunderbolt. 

zikr  – The zikr, “the circular dance and incantatory ritual” (Wood, 26) used by the Qadiri Sufi Islamic brotherhood, Qadiriyya, as a form of prayer, developed into a symbol of national identity and national unity for the Chechens beginning with its introduction in the mid-nineteenth century and throughout its years under Russian rule.  The dance became a rallying cry for the resistance movements in Chechnya under the tsarist rule, the Soviet regime, and the current Russian Federation. When the Chechens converted to Sunni Islam in the 16th century, they were immediately drawn to Sufism, the mystical Islamic tradition, specifically Naqshbandiyya, which helped to unite the North Caucasus to revolt against annexation by the Russian tsar (Gaal, 32).  In the 1850s, Kunta Haji brought Qadiriyya, another “one of the four oldest and most prestigious Sufi [brotherhoods]” (Gammer, 73), from Dagestan.  Kunta developed into a national legend; Chechen myth portrays him as exceedingly intelligent, pious, and just.  Qadiriyya was less intellectual than Naqshbandiyya, which appealed more to those Chechens who could not read or did not have access to Islamic texts (Bullough, 331). The Qadiriyya also introduced the zikr as a “loud ecclesiastical prayer” (Bullough, 331) as opposed to the silent prayer the Naqshbani used. 

Z Interpolation - Interpolation means calculating intermediate values. When you enlarge (“digitally zoom”) or otherwise transform (rotate, shear or give perspective to) a digital image, interpolation procedures are used to compute the colors of the pixels in the transformed image. Paint.net offers three interpolation methods, which differ in quality and speed. In general, the better the quality, the more time the interpolation takes (see Interpolation methods).

zilch, zilc - An Etruscan magistrate, zilouchos, chair-occupier. Cf. Gk. skeptouchos, holding the sceptre, of Zeus, or of a king (frequent in Homer). Roman magistrates with imperium had each a curule chair, sella curulis. Curulis is derived from currus, chariot, a divine vehicle. Juno is addressed as Juno Curulis in an ancient prayer.

ZLR - Zoom lens reflex camera (see below).

Zoom - The action of varying the focal length of a zoom lens to enlarge (zoom in) or reduce (zoom out) the image.

Zone System - A method introduced by photographer Ansel Adams for determining optimal exposure and appropriate development for an individual photograph.

z-pinch - A pinch (alternately called a "knot," "Bennett pinch"[1] (after Willard Harrison Bennett), "electromagnetic pinch", "magnetic pinch", the "pinch effect" or "plasma pinch") is the compression of an electrically conducting filament by magnetic forces. The conductor is usually a plasma, but could also be a solid or liquid metal. In a z-pinch, the current is axial (in the z direction in a cylindrical coordinate system) and the magnetic field azimuthal; in a theta-pinch, the current is azimuthal (in the theta direction in cylindrical coordinates) and the magnetic field is axial. Pinches occur naturally in electrical discharges such as lightning bolts, the aurora, current sheets, and solar flares. They are also produced in the laboratory, primarily for research into fusion power, but also by hobbyists. Pinches are created in the laboratory in equipment related to nuclear fusion, such as the Z-pinch machine and high-energy physics, such as the dense plasma focus. Pinches may also become unstable, and generate radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum, including radio waves, x-rays and gamma rays, and also neutrons and synchrotron radiation. Types of pinches, that may differ in geometry and operating forces, include the Cylindrical pinch, Inverse pinch, Orthogonal pinch effect, Reversed field pinch, Sheet pinch, Screw pinch (also called stabilized z-pinch, or θ-z pinch), Theta pinch (or thetatron), Toroidal pinch, Ware pinch, fountain pinch, and Z-pinch. Pinches are used to generate X-rays, and the intense magnetic fields generated are used in electromagnetic forming of metals (they have been demonstrated in crushing aluminum soft drinks cans). They have applications to particle beams including particle beam weapons, and astrophysics. A pinch is the compression of an electrically conducting filament by magnetic forces. The conductor is usually a plasma, but could also be a solid or liquid metal. Pinches were the first device used by mankind for controlled nuclear fusion. The phenomenon may also be referred to as a "Bennett pinch" (after Willard Harrison Bennett), "electromagnetic pinch", "magnetic pinch", "pinch effect" or "plasma pinch". Pinches occur naturally in electrical discharges such as lightning bolts, the aurora, current sheets, and solar flares.

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